09 - evaluation of serum and plasma proteins

Question 1

1. difference btwn plasma and serum?

Answer 1

1. plasma contains all the stuff (Abs, clotting factors, etc)

serum only contains albumin and remaining globulins

Question 2

1. how measure total protein?
2. which is better and why?

Answer 2

1. refractometer or spectrophometric

spectro (refract can be interefered with by lipid and other stuff)

Question 3

1. how is albumin measured?
2. globulins?

what fractions?

Answer 3

1. spectro
2. on chem profile, subtract albumin from TP - or serum protein electrophoresis

alpha (Antithrombin 3), beta (fibrinogen), gamma fraction (immunoglobulins)

Question 4

(estimation of immunoglobulins)

1. done why?

Answer 4

1. check for FPT - looks like it’s mosly done in LA by refractometry - but other methods are available

Question 5

1. how is fibrinogen usually measured?

Answer 5

1. by heat precipitation

Question 6

(decreased protein concentrations)

1. 5 causes of panhypoproteinemia?

Answer 6

1. blood loss, PLE, severe exudative skin dz, severe burns, effusive disease

Question 7

(decreased protein)

1. 6 causes of hypoalbuminemia w/ normal or ^ globulins

Answer 7

1. starvation, liver dz, GI parasites, intestinal malabsorption, EPI, glomerular dz

Question 8

(decrased protein)

1. 2 causes of hypoglobulinemia w/ normal or ^ albumin?

Answer 8

1. FPT, immune def

Question 9

(increased protein conc)

1. ^ albumin only occurs when?
2. ^ of albumin and globulin occurs when?
3. alpha and beta globulins ^ when?

Answer 9

1. dehydration
2. dehydration
3. acute inflammation

Question 10

(increased gamma globulins - aka gammopathies)

1. causes of polyclonal?
2. monoclonal?

Answer 10

1. chronic antigenic stimulation, immune mediated dz, liver dz, lymphoma
2. cancers (and other conditions… but don’t memo them)

chronic pyderma, plasmacytic enterocolitis, canine ehrichiosis, visceral leishmaniasis (dog), lymphoplasmacytic stomatits (cats), idiopathic monoclonal gammopathy

Question 11

causes of ^ fibrinogen?

Answer 11

dehydration, inflammation, renal dz, disseminated neoplasia