08. Vitamin and Mineral Malnutrition

Question 1

What are the 5 “important” ocular findings of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 1

Bitot spots
Peri-vasculitis
Night blindness (rod outer segments)
Pseudo-retinitis pigmentosa
Coloboma

Question 2

What is a vitamin B1 deficiency called?

Answer 2

Beri Beri

Question 3

Thiamin (B1) is involved in metabolism of what?

Answer 3

Carbs
Fat
Amino acid
Glucose
Alcohol

Question 4

What are the manifestations of B1 deficiency?

Answer 4

Peripheral nerve degeneration

Degeneration of thalamus, mamillary bodies, cerebellum

Question 5

What causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 5

Cerebral Beri Beri (B1 deficiency)

Question 6

What are the findings of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

Answer 6

Acute onset nystagmus, and ophthalmoplegia and ataxia

Question 7

What is the “important” finding in Korsakoff psychosis?

Answer 7

Confabulation and severe memory deficits

Question 8

What are the two major types of Beri Beri?

Answer 8

Wet

Dry

Question 9

What is seen in wet beriberi?

Answer 9

Heart failure with peripheral and pulmonary edema

Question 10

What is vitamin B2?

Answer 10

Riboflavin

Question 11

What causes a deficiency in B2?

Answer 11

Inadequate consumption of milk and animal products
Diarrhea
Liver disease

Question 12

What are the most common findings in Riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

Answer 12

Angular stomatitis and chelosis of teh lips
Magenta tongue
Cutaneous lesions
Red, scaly and greasy patches and sebaceous materal in the hair follicles

Question 13

What does a B3 deficiency cause?

Answer 13

Pellagra

Question 14

What is B3

Answer 14

Niacin

Question 15

What are the common signs of B3 deficiency?

Answer 15

Light sensitive skin rash
Scarlet stomatits
Glossitis

Question 16

A deficiency in B6 may cause what condition of the lids?

Answer 16

Seborhheic dermatosis

Question 17

What can B12 be used to treat?

Answer 17

Peripheral neuropathy
DM neuropathy
ALS

Question 18

Deficiency of B12 leads to what?

Answer 18

Stomach inflammation and autoimmune pernicious anemia

Question 19

What is vitamin C essential for?

Answer 19

Collagen formation
Healing
Iron absorption

Question 20

Deficiency of vit C results in what?

Answer 20

Scurvy - abnormal dentin and bone formation

Question 21

What are systemic signs/symptoms of vit C deficiency?

Answer 21

Lassitude, weakness, irritability
Splinter hemes on nails
Spongy gums
Hyper keratotic hair follicle

Question 22

What is the “important” ocular sign of vit C deficiency?

Answer 22

Bulbar conj hemorrhage

Question 23

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 23

ADEK

Question 24

Vitamin D has metabolites that act as what?

Answer 24

Hormones

Question 25

What is the main function of vit D?

Answer 25

Absorption of Ca from intestines

Question 26

Deficiency of vit D in kids leads to what?

Answer 26

Rickets

Question 27

Deficiency of vit D in adults leads to what?

Answer 27

Osteomalacia

Question 28

What are the 2 "important" ocular signs of refractory ricketts?

Answer 28

Juvenile arcus | Scleral Ricketts with blue sclera and proptosis

Question 29

Why is vit E deficiency rare in adults?

Answer 29

Stores in adipose

Question 30

Vit E therapy may improve what infantile condition?

Answer 30

ROP

Question 31

What labs should be done for iron deficiency?

Answer 31

``` Hemoglobin test Hematocrit CBC Serum ferritin Serum iron ```

Question 32

What are the two "important" findings in zinc deficiency?

Answer 32

Alopecia | Night blindness

Question 33

What are the signs of acute Vit A toxicity?

Answer 33

Increased ICP | Pseudotumor (chronic)

Question 34

What are the signs of B3 toxicity?

Answer 34

Flushing | Itchint

Question 35

What are the important signs of B6 toxicity?

Answer 35

Loss of muscle coordination

Question 36

Very high doses of B9 can cause what?

Answer 36

CNS damage

Question 37

What is the "important" sign of Vit D toxicity?

Answer 37

Band keratopathy

Question 38

Vit E toxicity may result in what?

Answer 38

Overt hemorrhage

Question 39

What is the classic symptom of hemochromatosis?

Answer 39

Gray colored or bronze skin