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Systemic Disease > 08. Vitamin and Mineral Malnutrition > Flashcards

08. Vitamin and Mineral Malnutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 “important” ocular findings of vitamin A deficiency?

A 
Bitot spots
Peri-vasculitis
Night blindness (rod outer segments)
Pseudo-retinitis pigmentosa
Coloboma
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2
Q

What is a vitamin B1 deficiency called?

A

Beri Beri

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3
Q

Thiamin (B1) is involved in metabolism of what?

A 
Carbs
Fat
Amino acid
Glucose
Alcohol
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4
Q

What are the manifestations of B1 deficiency?

A

Peripheral nerve degeneration

Degeneration of thalamus, mamillary bodies, cerebellum

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5
Q

What causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Cerebral Beri Beri (B1 deficiency)

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6
Q

What are the findings of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Acute onset nystagmus, and ophthalmoplegia and ataxia

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7
Q

What is the “important” finding in Korsakoff psychosis?

A

Confabulation and severe memory deficits

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8
Q

What are the two major types of Beri Beri?

A

Wet

Dry

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9
Q

What is seen in wet beriberi?

A

Heart failure with peripheral and pulmonary edema

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10
Q

What is vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin

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11
Q

What causes a deficiency in B2?

A

Inadequate consumption of milk and animal products
Diarrhea
Liver disease

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12
Q

What are the most common findings in Riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

A

Angular stomatitis and chelosis of teh lips
Magenta tongue
Cutaneous lesions
Red, scaly and greasy patches and sebaceous materal in the hair follicles

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13
Q

What does a B3 deficiency cause?

A

Pellagra

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14
Q

What is B3

A

Niacin

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15
Q

What are the common signs of B3 deficiency?

A

Light sensitive skin rash
Scarlet stomatits
Glossitis

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16
Q

A deficiency in B6 may cause what condition of the lids?

A

Seborhheic dermatosis

17
Q

What can B12 be used to treat?

A

Peripheral neuropathy
DM neuropathy
ALS

18
Q

Deficiency of B12 leads to what?

A

Stomach inflammation and autoimmune pernicious anemia

19
Q

What is vitamin C essential for?

A

Collagen formation
Healing
Iron absorption

20
Q

Deficiency of vit C results in what?

A

Scurvy - abnormal dentin and bone formation

21
Q

What are systemic signs/symptoms of vit C deficiency?

A

Lassitude, weakness, irritability
Splinter hemes on nails
Spongy gums
Hyper keratotic hair follicle

22
Q

What is the “important” ocular sign of vit C deficiency?

A

Bulbar conj hemorrhage

23
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

24
Q

Vitamin D has metabolites that act as what?

A

Hormones

25
Q

What is the main function of vit D?

A

Absorption of Ca from intestines

26
Q

Deficiency of vit D in kids leads to what?

A

Rickets

27
Q

Deficiency of vit D in adults leads to what?

A

Osteomalacia

28
Q

What are the 2 “important” ocular signs of refractory ricketts?

A

Juvenile arcus

Scleral Ricketts with blue sclera and proptosis

29
Q

Why is vit E deficiency rare in adults?

A

Stores in adipose

30
Q

Vit E therapy may improve what infantile condition?

A

ROP

31
Q

What labs should be done for iron deficiency?

A 
Hemoglobin test
Hematocrit
CBC
Serum ferritin
Serum iron
32
Q

What are the two “important” findings in zinc deficiency?

A

Alopecia

Night blindness

33
Q

What are the signs of acute Vit A toxicity?

A

Increased ICP

Pseudotumor (chronic)

34
Q

What are the signs of B3 toxicity?

A

Flushing

Itchint

35
Q

What are the important signs of B6 toxicity?

A

Loss of muscle coordination

36
Q

Very high doses of B9 can cause what?

A

CNS damage

37
Q

What is the “important” sign of Vit D toxicity?

A

Band keratopathy

38
Q

Vit E toxicity may result in what?

A

Overt hemorrhage

39
Q

What is the classic symptom of hemochromatosis?

A

Gray colored or bronze skin

Systemic Disease (12 decks)

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