08 The Byzantine Empire, Kievan Russia, and the Mongols

Question 1

Cyril and Methodius

Answer 1

brothers who converted Slavs to Christianity; also created the Cyrillic alphabet

Question 2

dowry

Answer 2

money or goods a woman brought to her husband upon marriage

Question 3

excommunication

Answer 3

official edict that bars a person from church membership and from taking part in any church ceremonies

Question 4

Greek fire

Answer 4

flammable liquid used to set enemy ships on fire by the Byzantine navy

Question 5

Hagia Sophia

Answer 5

magnificent church in Constantinople built by Justinian, begun in AD 532

Question 6

heresy

Answer 6

opinion that conflicted with church doctrine

Question 7

iconoclastic controversy

Answer 7

argument between supporters and opponents of icons

Question 8

iconoclasts

Answer 8

Byzantines who felt that the presence of icons was idol worship and should be suppressed

Question 9

icons

Answer 9

small religious pictures set up in a church or home, or carried on a journey as aids to worship

Question 10

Justinian

Answer 10

Byzantine emperor in the 500s who revived culture and recaptured much of the old Roman Empire

Question 11

mosaics

Answer 11

pictures or designs made of inlaid pieces of stone, glass, or enamel

Question 12

Ottoman Turks

Answer 12

people who captured Constantinople in 1453, bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire

Question 13

patriarchs

Answer 13

bishops of the five administrative centers for the church in the last years of the Roman Empire

Question 14

Theodora

Answer 14

Justinian’s wife and former actress, who encouraged reforms to improve the status of women

Question 15

Constantinople

Answer 15

ancient city in the European part of Turkey, once the capital of the Byzantine Empire; sacked by crusaders in 1204; seized by invaders in 1453; now known as Istanbul

Question 16

Bosporus

Answer 16

narrow straits in Turkey that link the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara

Question 17

steppe

Answer 17

vast, grassy, largely treeless plain in southeastern Europe and southern Central Asia

Question 18

boyars

Answer 18

members of the social class of nobles in Kievan society

Question 19

Pravda Russkaia

Answer 19

law code in Kievan Russia

Question 20

metropolitan

Answer 20

chief bishop of the Kievan church

Question 21

taiga

Answer 21

forest zone in northern region of Kievan Russia

Question 22

Rurik

Answer 22

military leader and first king of the Rus

Question 23

Rus

Answer 23

region and people ruled by Rurik

Question 24

Yaroslav the Wise

Answer 24

Kievan ruler in the 1000s who issued Russia’s first law code

Question 25

Vladimir I

Answer 25

Kievan ruler in the late 900s who brought Christianity to Russia

Question 26

Ural Mountains

Answer 26

mountain range running north to south through Russia and Kazakhstan; considered the boundary between the European and Asian continents

Question 27

Baltic Sea

Answer 27

body of water east of the North Sea and Scandinavia

Question 28

Dnieper River

Answer 28

major river in Ukraine that empties into the Black Sea

Question 29

Black Sea

Answer 29

inland sea between Europe and Asia; connected to the Aegean Sea and, thence, the Mediterranean Sea

Question 30

Volga River

Answer 30

Europe’s longest river; located in west central Russia

Question 31

Kiev

Answer 31

city on the Dnieper River; served as the capital of Russia from about 882 to 1169; now the capital of Ukraine

Question 32

czar

Answer 32

Russian word for “caesar”

Question 33

third Rome

Answer 33

Russian Orthodox interpretation of their leading role in bringing spiritual light to the world

Question 34

Polovtsians

Answer 34

Turkish peoples who raided and came to control the region south of Kiev

Question 35

Ivan III

Answer 35

leader who overthrew Mongol rule and became Russia’s first ruler

Question 36

Ivan IV

Answer 36

Russian czar who established the foundations of the state

Question 37

Lithuania

Answer 37

Baltic country made a territory of the Soviet Union in 1939; gained independence in 1990

Question 38

Poland

Answer 38

Eastern Europe’s largest and most populous country; invaded by Germany at the beginning of WWII; under communist rule until 1989

Question 39

Moscow

Answer 39

capital of Russia; formerly the capital of the Soviet Union; site of major defeat of Napoleon’s army in 1812