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KICS W1 (old) > 02 The First Civilizations > Flashcards

02 The First Civilizations Flashcards

1
Q

oasis

A

place in the desert where there is water

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2
Q

silt

A

fertile soil left behind by floodwaters

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3
Q

hieroglyphics

A

form of writing developed by Egyptians by about 3000 BC, which used more than 600 symbols to indicate words or sounds

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4
Q

papyrus

A

writing material produced by Egyptians

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5
Q

kingdom

A

form of government headed by a king or a queen

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6
Q

monarchy

A

synonym for kingdom

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7
Q

pharaoh

A

Egyptian ruler

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8
Q

dynasty

A

family of rulers in which the right to rule passes from one generation to the next

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9
Q

empire

A

form of government in which an individual or single people rules over many other peoples and their territories

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10
Q

polytheism

A

belief in many gods

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11
Q

monotheism

A

belief in one god

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12
Q

caravans

A

groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances

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13
Q

scribes

A

governmental clerks who could read and write

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14
Q

mummification

A

process by which the body was treated with chemicals so it would remain preserved

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15
Q

city-state

A

Sumerian community that included a town or city and the surrounding land it controlled

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16
Q

cuneiform

A

wedge-shaped Sumerian writing

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17
Q

arch

A

curved structure over an opening

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18
Q

ziggurats

A

Sumerian temples that were built in layers, like a wedding cake, and that could be up to 150 feet high

19
Q

cavalry

A

units of soldiers on horseback

20
Q

barter

A

exchange of one commodity or service for another

21
Q

money economy

A

economic system based on the use of money

22
Q

ethical monotheism

A

Hebrew form of monotheism, which emphasizes ethics, or proper conduct

23
Q

Menes

A

Egyptian ruler who united Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt into one kingdom sometime after 3200 BC

24
Q

Hyksos

A

Asiatic people who took control of most of Egypt around 1650 BC and continued to rule for more than 100 years

25
Q

Hatshepsut

A

Egyptian queen who ruled from 1512 BC to 1482 BC

26
Q

Amenhotep IV

A

Egyptian pharaoh who ruled from about 1380 BC to 1362 BC and who tried to bring religious and social change to Egypt; changed his name to Akhenaton

27
Q

Tutankhamen

A

boy pharaoh who became Egypt’s ruler after the death of Amenhotep IV

28
Q

Ramses II

A

powerful Egyptian leader who ruled from about 1279 BC to 1213 BC

29
Q

Sargon I

A

most powerful ruler of the Akkadian kings, who established the Akkadian empire

30
Q

Hammurabi

A

ruler of the Babylonians who developed a collection of laws

31
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

powerful and wise Chaldean ruler

32
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

Persian ruler who led the conquest of the Fertile Crescent and Asia Minor

33
Q

Darius I

A

ruler who extended Persian rule

34
Q

Xerxes I

A

son of Darius who also extended Persian rule; failed to conquer the Greeks

35
Q

Zoroaster

A

Persian prophet and religious reformer

36
Q

Abraham

A

Hebrew leader who was promised that a great nation would come through him (through his son Isaac and grandson Jacob)

37
Q

Moses

A

Hebrew leader who led his people out of slavery in Egypt and brought them the Ten Commandments

38
Q

Saul

A

first king of the united kingdom of Israel

39
Q

David

A

Hebrew king who occupied the city of Jerusalem, making it his capital and a religious center

40
Q

Solomon

A

Hebrew king who built a great temple in Jerusalem

41
Q

Mesopotamia

A

an ancient region of southwestern Asia in present-day Iraq, lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

42
Q

Israel

A

northern kingdom after the split of Israel; comprised of 10 tribes

43
Q

Judah

A

southern kingdom after the split of Israel; comprised of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin

44
Q

Jerusalem

A

capital of the united kingdom of Israel

KICS W1 (old) (12 decks)

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