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KICS W1 (old) > 04 Ancient Chinese Civilization > Flashcards

04 Ancient Chinese Civilization Flashcards

1
Q

sagacious

A

having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment; shrewd

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2
Q

remonstrance

A

a forcefully reproachful protest

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3
Q

hereditary

A

conferred by or based on inheritance

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4
Q

anachronism

A

a thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists

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5
Q

jaundiced

A

affected by bitterness, resentment, or envy

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6
Q

decadence

A

moral or cultural decline as characterized by excessive indulgence in pleasure or luxury

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7
Q

licentious

A

promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters

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8
Q

en masse

A

in a group; all together

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9
Q

chronicler

A

a person who writes accounts of important or historical events

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10
Q

loess

A

fertile yellow soil of the Huang He valley

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11
Q

accession

A

the act of attaining or gaining access to a new office or right or position (especially the throne)

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12
Q

silt

A

fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment

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13
Q

Huang He

A

northernmost major river in China

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14
Q

Xi Jiang

A

southernmost major river in China

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15
Q

Chang Jiang

A

major river in central China

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16
Q

Gobi Desert

A

desert in northern China and southern Mongolia

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17
Q

China’s Sorrow

A

what the Huang He was called because of frequently destructive flooding

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18
Q

China’s isolation

A

caused by vast distances, deserts, mountain ranges, and China’s feelings of cultural superiority

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19
Q

dynastic cycle

A

founding, expansion, regression, collapse

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20
Q

Middle Kingdom

A

what the Chinese called China because it was the center of the world, based on feelings of superiority

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21
Q

Xia Dynasty

A

prehistoric line of Chinese kings

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22
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

China’s first historic dynasty (1750 BC to 1122 BC)

23
Q

Zhou Dynasty

A

China’s most enduring dynasty (1122 BC to 221 BC)

24
Q

Qin Dynasty

A

dynasty that ruled a larger area than preceding dynasties and controlled it more firmly, however for a short time (221 BC to 206 BC)

25
Q

Han Dynasty

A

perhaps the most influential dynasty of China (202 BC to AD 220)

26
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

belief that the gods determined who should rule China

27
Q

autocracy

A

government in which the ruler holds total power

28
Q

civil service

A

system in which workers administer day-to-day business of government

29
Q

Shi Huangdi

A

founded Qin dynasty and first unified China under a strong central government

30
Q

Liu Bang

A

general who overthrew the previous dynasty and founded the Han dynasty

31
Q

Wu Di

A

longest-ruling Han emperor who brought peace and political and economic reform to China

32
Q

Chang-an

A

capital city of the Qin dynasty; later called Xi’an

33
Q

iron

A

the use of this material under the Zhou transformed Chinese agriculture by making it possible to cultivate more land and produce more grain

34
Q

accomplishments of the Han

A

central civil service system; economic policy of leveling; Pax Sinica, which allowed trade to prosper; invention of paper

35
Q

accomplishments of the Qin

A

standardized weights, measures, and coinage; established a uniform system of writing; started building what would become the Great Wall

36
Q

accomplishments of the Shang

A

the discovery of silk cloth; bronze castings; the use of solar and lunar calendars; writing, including calligraphy

37
Q

calligraphy

A

artistic form of writing

38
Q

oracle bones

A

cattle bones and tortoise shells used by priests to foretell the future

39
Q

The Analects

A

collection of teachings and ideas of Confucius as written by his followers, which formed the basis of Confucianism

40
Q

Confucius

A

teacher whose ideas became the most powerful philosophy influencing later Chinese beliefs and lifestyles

41
Q

Laozi (Lao-tzu)

A

founder of Daoism

42
Q

yin and yang

A

idea of two sides that contrast and complement each other but not oppose each other

43
Q

Daoism

A

philosophy that emphasizes contemplation and harmony with nature

44
Q

Confucianism

A

philosophy that emphasizes right relationships involving family, elders, rulers, and ancestors

45
Q

Legalism

A

philosophy that emphasizes the maintenance of power through harsh laws aimed controlling naturally selfish and untrustworthy people

46
Q

Mahayana

A

a branch of Buddhism that became dominant in China, Japan, and Korea; emphasized the worship of Buddha as a savior

47
Q

Five Classics

A

books that became the most important works of Chinese literature and the basis for education of Chinese scholars

48
Q

acupuncture

A

medical treatment in which needles are inserted into the body at certain points

49
Q

seismograph

A

an instrument that measures earthquakes

50
Q

paper

A

first produced in AD 105 from hemp, old rags, fishing nets, and the bark of mulberry trees

51
Q

sundial

A

an instrument showing the time by the shadow of a pointer cast by the sun onto a plate marked with the hours of the day

52
Q

agriculture

A

primary occupation of the vast majority of Chinese people

53
Q

Pax Sinica

A

Chinese Peace

54
Q

leveling

A

a government policy that helped keep prices of farm products stable, which greatly helped the condition of peasants

KICS W1 (old) (12 decks)

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