07 The Roman World, 4-6

Question 1

Pax Romana

Answer 1

“Peace of Rome,” a 200-year period without foreign wars from the reign of Augustus to the death of Marcus Aurelius

Question 2

collegia

Answer 2

a compulsory trade association for workers in cities

Question 3

Colosseum

Answer 3

a great amphitheater/stadium that hosted gladiator fights, humans fighting beasts, and executions of criminals or slaves by beasts

Question 4

Tacitus

Answer 4

a great Roman historian, wrote Annals, a history of Rome under the Julio-Claudian Emperors

Question 5

Circus Maximus

Answer 5

a large racetrack in Rome where spectacular chariot races were held

Question 6

Attila

Answer 6

a leader of the Huns

Question 7

Alaric

Answer 7

a leader of the Visigoths who sacked Rome in A.D. 410

Question 8

Huns

Answer 8

a nomadic Asiatic tribe that moved into the region north of the Black Sea; lived by raiding and plundering

Question 9

inflation

Answer 9

a rise in prices caused by a decrease in the value of the currency

Question 10

Constantine

Answer 10

a Roman emperor who declared himself a Christian in A.D. 312 afer seeing a blazing cross in the sky and supported Christianity throughout the empire

Question 11

Galen

Answer 11

a Roman physician who compiled and summarized the medical knowledge of his day

Question 12

Praetorian Guard

Answer 12

a small, elite force stationed in Rome to protect the emperor

Question 13

colonus

Answer 13

a tenant farmer who replaced slaves as labor on larger farms by renting a small plot of land

Question 14

Diocletian

Answer 14

an able emperor who reorganized the empire by appointing a co-emperor

Question 15

Ptolemy

Answer 15

an astronomer from Alexandria who believed that Earth lay at the center of the universe

Question 16

poor people

Answer 16

ate simple diets consisting of bread, cheese, fruit, and vegetables

Question 17

aqueducts

Answer 17

bridgelike structures that carried water from the mountains to Roman cities

Question 18

Roman decline

Answer 18

caused by political weakness, economic decline, and social decay

Question 19

patriarchs

Answer 19

Christian bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem

Question 20

political weakness

Answer 20

examples include inefficient government for such a large empire, weaker armies, and a lack of loyalty to Rome by generals and soldiers

Question 21

economic decline

Answer 21

examples include inflation, more money leaving the empire than coming in, and decreased trade due to increased banditry

Question 22

social decay

Answer 22

examples include loss of patriotism, little interest in government, and lack of political honesty

Question 23

disciples

Answer 23

followers of a teacher or leader

Question 24

paved roads

Answer 24

how cities in the provinces were linked to Rome

Question 25

rabbis

Answer 25

Jewish scholars learned in the scriptures and commentaries on religious law

Question 26

wealthy people

Answer 26

led lives characterized by leisure, including rest, exercise, public baths, and banquets

Question 27

Rhine & Danube Rivers

Answer 27

northern border of empire in the west

Question 28

martyrs

Answer 28

people who are killed for refusing to renounce their beliefs

Question 29

anarchy

Answer 29

the absence of government

Question 30

Romulus Augustulus

Answer 30

the last Roman emperor in the west

Question 31

Vandals

Answer 31

the most destructive of the foreign invaders

Question 32

Constantinople

Answer 32

the new capital city on the site of former city of Byzantium, dedicated in A.D. 330

Question 33

pope

Answer 33

the patriarch of Rome, who claimed supremacy over the other patriarchs (by way of succession from Peter)

Question 34

Commodus

Answer 34

the weak, spoiled son of Marcus Aurelius who became emperor and contributed to its decline

Question 35

A.D. 476

Answer 35

when the Roman Empire fell in the west

Question 36

A.D. 70

Answer 36

when the temple in Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans in response to a Jewish revolt

Question 37

Nazareth

Answer 37

where Jesus grew up

Question 38

Bethlehem

Answer 38

where Jesus was born

Question 39

Jerusalem

Answer 39

where Jesus was crucified

Question 40

Virgil

Answer 40

wrote the Aeneid, an epic poem which tells the story of Aeneas

Question 41

Ovid

Answer 41

wrote love lyrics and the Metamorphoses, a collection of myths written in verse