08/27/24

Question 1

when do we show formal charge

Answer 1

always on all quizzes and exams

Question 2

if you have an atom with sp hybridization what is the angle and name?

Answer 2

linear and 180

Question 3

if you have an atom with sp2 hybridization what is the angle and name?

Answer 3

trigonal planar 120

Question 4

if you have an atom with sp3 hybridization what is the angle and name?

Answer 4

tetrahedral 109.5

Question 5

for VSEPR theory, if you have 3 electron groups and no lone pairs, what is the geometry?

Answer 5

trigonal planar 120

Question 6

for VSEPR theory, if you have 3 electron groups and 1 lone pairs, what is the geometry?

Answer 6

bent <120

Question 7

for VSEPR theory, if you have 4 electron groups and no lone pairs, what is the geometry?

Answer 7

tetrahedral 109.5

Question 8

for VSEPR theory, if you have 4 electron groups and 1 lone pairs, what is the geometry?

Answer 8

trigonal pyrameidal <109

Question 9

for VSEPR theory, if you have 4 electron groups and 2 lone pairs, what is the geometry?

Answer 9

Bent <109

Question 10

if an acid has a high pka what does it mean

Answer 10

it is weaker, harder to deprotonate

Question 11

what determines if an acid is strong or weak?

Answer 11

a strong acid will have a weak base that is stabilized by ARIO

Question 12

when considering the stability of a base, what is the effect of the atom?

Answer 12

an atom that is larger (down P table) or more EN (to the right), will be more stable with a negative charge (large trumps EN)

Question 13

when considering the stability of a base, what is the effect of the resonance?

Answer 13

resonance delocalizes the charge and makes it more stable

Question 14

when considering the stability of a base, what is the effect of induction?

Answer 14

in the presence of an electronegative atom or electron withdrawing group, a base will be more stable as the polarization of the electronegative atom creates a partial negative and posuitive charge on the carbons that spread the negative charge from the base across the molecule

Question 15

when considering the stability of a base, what is the effect of the orbital?

Answer 15

an orbital with more s character will be more stable as a base as the negative charge will be held more closely to the nucleus which is positively charged

Question 16

what are stereoisomers?

Answer 16

molecules with the same formula but differ in 3D arrangement

Question 17

what are enantiomers

Answer 17

stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other and are non-superimposable

Question 18

what are diastereomers

Answer 18

they are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of eachother (ex. cis and trans)

Question 19

what is R and S

Answer 19

R is clockwise, S is counterclockwise

Question 20

if you have a primary alkyl halide and a strong base, what reaction will occur

Answer 20

SN2 or E2 if hindered base

Question 21

if you have a primary alkyl halide and a weak base, what reaction will occur

Answer 21

SN2

Question 22

if you have a primary alkyl halide and a poor nucleophile, what reaction occurs

Answer 22

no reaction

Question 23

if you have a secondary alkyl halid and a strong base, what reaction will occur

Answer 23

mostly E2

Question 24

if you have a secondary alkyl halide and a weak base, what reaction will occur

Answer 24

SN2

Question 25

if you have a secondary alkyl halide and a poor nucleophile, what reaction will occur

Answer 25

E1 + SN1 if a polar protic solvent (stabilizes carbocation)

Question 26

if you have a tertiary alkyl halide and a strong base, what reaction will occur

Answer 26

E2

Question 27

if you have a tertiary alkyl halide and a weak base, what reaction will occur

Answer 27

E1 + SN1 if a polar protic solvent (stabilizes carbocation)

Question 28

if you have a tertiary alkyl halide and a weak nucleophile, what reaction will occur

Answer 28

E1 + SN1 if a polar protic solvent (stabilizes carbocation)

Question 29

what are polar aprotic solvents and what reactions favor it

Answer 29

aprotic solvents are solvents that do not have a proton bonded to an electronegative atom, SN2 reactions favor this.

These are acetone, DMF (dimethylformamide), and DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide)

Question 30

in a chair conformation, what is cis and trans

Answer 30

if the substituents both face up it is cis, if one is up and one is down, it is trans

Question 31

what is more stable, a tertiary carbocation or a secondary

Answer 31

tertiary

Question 32

which is more stable, an allylic carbocaton or a vinylic?

Answer 32

allylic carbocations are very stable do to resonance, vinylic carbocations are very unstable