07b: MMR Flashcards
Measles: part of (X) family, (Y) genera. Causes measles, aka (Z).
X = paramyxoviridae Y = Morbillivirus Z = rubeola
Paramyxoviridae: (helical/icosahedral) nucleocapsid with (ss/ds) (RNA/DNA). Does virus carry polymerase?
Helical;
ssRNA (neg-sense)
Yes - RNA-dep-RNA Pol needed!
Paramyxoviridae: (enveloped/non-enveloped) with 2 types of “spikes” made from (X). List these.
Enveloped;
X = glycoproteins
- F protein (for fusion with host membrane)
- H protein (viral attachment; a hemagglutinin)
Paramyxoviridae: defective (X) would prevent virus from forming syncytia.
X = F protein (glycoprotein “spike”)
Neutralizing Ab made against Paramyxoviridae target (X) structure.
X = H protein (glycoprotein “spike”)
T/F: Paramyxoviridae contains multiple serotypes.
False - 1
Which part of Paramyxoviridae replication occurs in host cell nucleus?
None - replication/assembly in cytoplasm
T/F: Paramyxoviridae releases virions from host via budding
True
T/F: There are max a few hundred cases worldwide per year of measles.
False - 20 million! (Esp among unvacc children in low-income countries with poor healthcare)
Measles is transmitted via (X).
X = respiratory droplets
T/F: There have been cases of measles and mumps outbreaks via transmission from petting zoo animals.
False - human is the only host for these viruses!
Measles Rash is caused by:
CTLs attacking infected endothelial cells lining small blood vessels in the skin
Measles rash, aka (X), occurs following (primary/secondary) viremia. Where does it start/spread?
X = rubeola
Secondary
Face (below ears) and spreads to lower extremities
Measles: primary replication occurs in (X) and is followed by (Y) spread, leading to primary viremia.
X = URT Y = lymphatic
T/F: Measles-specific Ab can be detected prior to appearance of rash.
False - a few days afterward
T/F: Once measles-specific Ab become detectable, virus cannot be recovered and patient is no longer contagious.
True
Measles virus infection causes a (transient/permanent) depression in the numbers/activity of
(X) WBCs during the incubation period.
Transient;
X = B and T cells
Measles primarily cleared by (humoral/CM) immune response. And mumps? And rubella?
CM (Ab limit viremia) for all three
T/F: Lifelong immunity is generated after measles, mumps, AND rubella infection/recovery.
True
List the classic symptoms of measles prodrome.
- Cough (and high fever)
- Conjunctivitis/photophobia
- Coryza (runny nose)
Bright red lesions with a white central dot on buccal mucosa are formally called (X) and diagnostic of:
X = Koplik’s spots
Measles
60% of deaths due to measles are result of which complication?
Pneumonia
(X) complication of measles almost always fatal. It occurs how long after infection?
X = Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE); persistent infection of brain
About 7 years
Measles in pregnant woman associated with:
Stillbirth (fetus can die if infected)
T/F: Hemagglutination, syncytia formation, and nuclear inclusion bodies can all be used in measles lab diagnosis.
Most true, but CYTOPLASMIC inclusion bodies
T/F: U.S. measles vaccine given to neonates a few days after birth to prevent infection in vulnerable period.
False! Live, attenuated vaccine not given before 15 mo of age; maternal Ab protects
T/F: U.S. avoids administration of all live, attenuated vaccines.
False - MMR vaccines are live (few side effects)
Mumps: part of (X) family, (Y) genera.
X = paramoxyviridae Y = rubulavirus
T/F: Epidemiology and transmission of mumps is similar to measles.
True
(Mumps/Measles/Rubella) makes your (X) and (Y) as big as “POMPoms”.
Mumps;
X = parotid glands (Parotitis)
Y = testes (Orchitis)
M = meningitis (aseptic) P = pancreatitis
T/F: Mumps infection will only occur once in host IF both parotid glands are affected.
False - only occurs once, even if unilateral parotitis
T/F: As soon as mumps-specific Ab is present, virus cannot be recovered (from mouth/urine).
False
T/F: CNS involvement (aseptic meningitis) during mumps is rare (5%) and fatal.
False - common (50%) and resolves without sequelae
Rubella: part of (X) family, (Y) genera. Causes rubella, aka (Z).
X = Togaviridae Y = Rubivirus Z = German measles
Rubella virus: (helical/icosahedral) nucleocapsid with (ss/ds) (RNA/DNA). Does virus carry polymerase?
Icosahedral;
ssRNA (pos-sense)
No viral polymerase (its gene is encoded in viral genome and translated in host cell)
T/F: MMR viruses all contain hemagglutinin glycoprotein spikes.
True
Rubella virus: (enveloped/non-enveloped) and (X) number of serotypes.
Enveloped;
X = 1
Rubella virus: enters host cell via (X). (Y) causes the nucleocapsid release.
X = receptor-mediated endocytosis Y = fusion with acidified endosome
Rubella virus: Upon release of viral genome, (X) occurs. Then, (Y) occurs.
X = translation/cleavage of plus-sense RNA (to produce viral RNA Pol) Y = Viral RNA Pol transcribes neg-sense RNA
T/F: Rubella virus releases virions from host cell via budding.
True
T/F: There have been cases of rubella virus outbreaks via transmission from petting zoo animals.
False - human only host!
Rubella virus: transmission via (X) routes.
X = resp droplets and transplacentally
Rubella virus: primary replication in (X), then viremia and spread to organs/skin. The rash is a result of (Y).
X = nasopharynx/local lymph nodes Y = Ab/Ag complexes
T/F: Rubella is a milder disease than measles in kiddos.
True
(Measles/mumps/rubella) can cause serious arthritis symptoms in adults, via (X) mechanism.
Rubella;
X = Immune-mediated complexes
Congenital (measles/mumps/rubella) syndrome is seen in trimester (1/2/3) of non-immune F pregnancy. This can cause which issues primarily in which body systems?
Rubella;
1st;
Eye, heart, ear (“I heart ruby earrings”); also can be fatal
Infants that survive (X) infection in utero are reservoirs for perpetuating the microorganism for 30 months!
X = congenital rubella syndrome
T/F: Lab diagnosis for MMR done in the same way(s).
False - rubella virus hard to isolate and no significant CPE for presumptive diagnosis (use serology)
Pregnant woman is sero-negative for rubella. What should be done?
Not vaccine; give immune globulin
