(06) - Glomerular Filtration

Question 1

Answer 1

albumin usually about 2.5

creatinine - anything less than 1.4 is bad

so filtartion rate is fine - but albumin is low

Question 2

specific gravity fine

lots of protein in urine (ranges from 0 to 4+)

urine protein:creatinine ratio: should be less than .5

creatinine good to compare to cause its concentration isn’t messed with

albumin is going into the urine

blood pressure is high

Answer 2

A (where large proteins prevented from going into urine)

proximal tubules do reabsorb proteins (but only smaller proteins - this amount relatively small in comparison)

clinical hallmark or glomeruluar fuck up is high amounts of protein (albumin) in urine

Question 3

Answer 3

A

the meduallary tissue is mostly the loop of henle

(this is a sick glomerulus)

Question 4

we’ve seen this before

between podocytes is where we see passage of fluid

pathway for filtration throught the fenestrate, through the basement membrance, between the podocyte processes

make note of the difference of albumin concentration

basically no albumin passes through

Answer 4

this is what passes through

nothing gets through at 0

this process called “permselectivity”

Question 5

(Passage Through the Barrier)

1. What ar the two main factors affecting glomerular barrier passage?
2. No hindrance to passage of molecules of what size?
3. Progressively declines from what to what?
4. Albumin largely excluded from filtrate

Answer 5

1. size and charge (only affect macromolecules)
2. <7000 d (water, small ions, glucose, AA, small hormones…)
3. 7 Kd - 70 Kd

Question 6

(PAssage through barrier)

1. charge seemingly affects passage
2. what is the source of the negative charge?

Answer 6

2. fixed, negatively charged glycoproteins on endothelium, GBM, and podocytes

Question 7

1. What happens to HMW proteins?
2. to albumin?
3. to LMW?

Answer 7

1. don’t pass at all
2. small amounts (quite small) occasionally pass through - picked up by proximal tubules and metabolized
3. pass through barrier - all reabsorbed by proximal tubule (ideally)

Question 8

(Kindey Function)

1. The primary measure of kidney function is what?

Answer 8

1. production rate of glomerular filtrate

Question 9

be kind of familiar… how the species relate

Question 10

(Rate of Glomerular Filtration)

1-3. What three factors influence the rate of filtration?

know this equation too…

Answer 10

1. hydraulic permeabiliity of the barrier
2. surface area of the barrier
3. net filtration pressure across the barrier

(when mesangial cells relax they increase the barrier surface area)

Question 11

this should be familiar

Answer 11

so this is an application of previous equation i think

basically a derivation of the equation

Question 12

he didn’t talk about this too much

Answer 12

know this pretty well

Question 13

Answer 13

B

A

Question 14

understand this - this will be on the test

oncotic pressure changes because the concentration of albumin in capillaries will increase

if you’re feeling thorough watch this lecutre at about 38:00 for an exaplanantion of this 5/1 9AM

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

A

A

B

B (increased pressure in bowmans space)

Question 16

Answer 16

B

B (

Question 17

note that onocotic pressure changes - net filtration pressure changes due to this

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20