05: Fluid Analysis

Question 1

1-5. What are the 5 major mechs of effusions?

Answer 1

1. ^ vasc hydrostatic P
2. dec plasma oncotic pressure
3. ^vasc perm
4. dec lymphatic drainage
5. dmg to viscera

Question 2

(transudate)

1. gross appearance?
2. total protein?
3. cell count?
4. predominant cell?
5. 3 major causes?

Answer 2

1. clear and colorless
2. < 2.5 g/dL
3. < 1000 small, <5000 large
4. large mononuclear (large can have more neutrophils)
5. ^hydrostatic P, dec oncotic P, decrease fluid clearance

Question 3

(modified transudate)

1. gross?
2. total protein?
3. cell count?
4. cyto?
5. major causes?

Answer 3

1. light yellow/clear to slightly cloudy
2. 2.5 - 3.0
3. 1000-5000 small

5000 - 10000 large

4. neutrophils/small lymphocytes may increase
5. cardiac insuff, neoplasia

Question 4

(exudate)

1. gross
2. total protein
3. cell count
4. cyto
5. cause

Answer 4

1. turbid, colored
2. >3
3. >5000 small

>10000 large

4. depends on cause
5. ^cap perm, sepic (infections agents), pancreatitis, neoplasia