03: Leukogram Flashcards
- what neutrophils are measured in CBC?
- the circulating neutrophils in the blood pool
(neutrophils - left shift)
- what is a left shift?
- hallmark of what?
- regenerative left shift = ?
- degenerative left shift = ?
- increased bands in circulation
- of acute inflammation
- segs > non
- segs < non (bad prog in small animal, not so weird in large)
(neutrophilia)
- three major causes?
- inflammation (often w/ left shift)
- steroid neutrophilia (NO left shift)
- epinephrine neutrophilia (catecholamines)
(neutropenia)
- What are 3 causes?
- inflammation (most often cattle with acute)
- endotoxemia (can’t diff from inflam just from CBC)
- dcreased prodcution
(neutrophils)
- what is toxic change?
- affect on function?
- cats can normally have what?
- change in marrow during ^ prod
- no
- small numbers of Dohle bodies
(lymphocytes)
- marrow dependent?
- NO!
(lymphocytes)
- what are reactive lymphocytes a result of?
- inflammation/antigen stimulation
(lymphocytes)
1-4. What are four causes of lymphocytosis?
- epinephrine
- chronic inflammation
- lymphoproliferative disorders (leukemia/lymphoma)
- hypoadrenocorticism (absence of glucocorticoid effects)
(lymphocytes)
- What are 5 causes of lymphopenia?
- Steroid (most consistent feature of steroid leukogram)
- acute bac/viral infections
- depletion/loss (GI)
- congenital
- lymphoma
(monocytes)
1-2. What are two causes of monocytosis?
- inflammation, and STEROIDS
(eosinophils)
1-2. What are two major causes of eosinophilia?
- what react like eosinophils?
- parasitism
- hypersensitivity (allergic) rxns
- basophils
(Leukogram Patterns)
- features of an epinephrine leukogram?
- see in what animals?
- mature neutrophilia
- lymphocytosis
- cats and young horses
(Leukogram Patterns)
- What are the features of a steroid leukogram?
mature neutrophilia
lymphopenia
+/- monocytosis (mostly dog, sometimes cat)
+/- eosinopenia (DOG)
(leukogram patterns)
- What is the pattern of a classic inflammatory leukogram?
neutrophilia (+/- left shift, +/- toxic change)
+/- monocytosis
(when chronic, left shift and degree of toxic change may decrease/disappear as production of neutrophils catuches up with demand)
(leukogram patterns)
- What is the pattern of an inflammatory leukogram w/ overwhelming tissue demand?
- neutropenia (+/- left shift, +/- toxic change)
poor prog in small, expected in large
(leukogram patterns)
- what is the endotoxin leukogram pattern?
early phase: neutropenia
rebound phase: neutrophilia
(Leukogram Patterns)
- what is the pattern of marrow suppression?
- neutropenia (most notable)
+/- anemia and thrombocytopenia
lymphocytes NOT dependent on marrow production
