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03 - Kinesiology > 03-12: Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

03-12: Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the ankle joint (3)

A
  • Tibia, Fibula, Talus
  • Talus articulates with Tibia and Fibula
  • Tibia + Fibula = Mortis
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2
Q

Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion (Planes of motion)

A
  • Talocrural joint

- Sagittal plane about a frontal axis

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3
Q

Inversion/Eversion (Planes of motion)

A
  • T/C, Subtalar & Midtarsal joints

- Frontal plane about a sagittal axis

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4
Q

Abduction/Adduction (Planes of motion)

A
  • T/C, Subtalar & Midtarsal joints

- Rotation about a vertical axis

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5
Q

Pronation/Supination (Planes of motion)

A
  • Subtalar and midtarsal
  • Combination of three planes about an oblique axis
  • Pronation: Dorsiflexion, Eversion, Abduction
  • Supination: Plantarflexion, Inversion, Adduction
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6
Q

Forefoot (joints of the foot)

A

MTP joints - biaxial (PF/DF and ABD/ADD)

IPs - Uniaxial (PF/DF)

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7
Q

Midfoot or mid-tarsal (joints of the foot)

A

TMT joints - non-axial (gliding, allows feet to conform)

Midtarsal joint - triplanar (majority of pronation/supination occurs)

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8
Q

HIndfoot (joints of the foot)

A

Subtalar joint - triplanar/uniaxial (oblique)

Talocrural joint

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9
Q

Toe motions

A

Flexion (curl), Extension (stretch out)

Abduction/Adduction (midline is from 2nd digit)

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10
Q

Calcaneus Valgus

A

Lateral deviation from neutral

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11
Q

Calcaneus Varus

A

Medial deviation from neutral

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12
Q

Ankle joint (3)

A

Talus articulates with tibia and fibula

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13
Q

Subtalar joint (2)

A

Talus articulates with calcaneus

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14
Q

Transverse tarsal joint (4)

A

Talus and calcaneus articulate with navicular and cuboid

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15
Q

Deltoid ligaments

A
  • Triangular grouping of medial ankle ligaments

- Prevents excessive ankle eversion, calcaneal valgus

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16
Q

Lateral ligaments

A
  • Anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, Calcaaneofibular ligament
  • Prevents excessive ankle inversion, calcaneal varus
  • More prone to injury - inversion sprain
17
Q

Optimal weight-bearing areas of foot

A

1st metatarsal, 5th metatarsal, calcaneus

18
Q

Feiss Line

A

Navicular tubercle, medial malleolus and head of 1st metatarsal should line up

19
Q

Plantar ligaments (function for arch)

A

Acts as spring when foot flattens out to put foot back into arch

20
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Medial and lateral condyles of femur
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Plantar flexion of ankle, assists with knee flexion
N: Tibial Nerve

21
Q

Soleus

A

O: Posterior aspect of tibia and fibula
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Plantar flexion of ankle
N: Tibial Nerve

22
Q

Triceps Surae

A
  • Grouping of Gastrocnemius and Soleus
  • Primary plantar flexors
  • “triceps” of the leg
23
Q

Plantaris

A

O: Lateral condyle of femur
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Plantar flexion of ankle, knee flexion
N: Tibial Nerve

24
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: Posterior tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane
I: All tarsal bones except talus, base of metatarsals 2, 3, 4
A: Plantar flexion of ankle, inversion (w/ tibialis anterior)
N: Tibial Nerve

  • Functional purpose: Maintains arch of foot
25
Q

Flexor Hallicus Longus

A

O: Mid-portion of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Plantar surface of distal phalange of great toe
A: Flexes great toe (IPs, MTPs), Assist with plantar flexion, inversion
N: Tibial Nerve

26
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Posterior tibia
I: Plantar surface of base of distal phalanges 2-5
A: Flexes DIPs, IPs, MTPs; Assists with plantar flexion, inversion
N: Tibial Nerve

27
Q

Tom Dick Harry (Posterior)

A
  • TOM (Tibialis Posterior)
  • DICK (Flexor Digitorum Longus)
  • Bloody Nerves (Tibial Nerve, Posterior Tibial artery)
  • HARRY (Flexor Hallicus Longus)
28
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: Lateral aspect of condyle of tibia, Interosseous membrane
I: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (1st)
A: Prime dorsiflexion, inversion (w/ tibialis posterior)
N: Deep peroneal nerve

  • Largest of pre-tibial muscles
29
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus

A

O: Distal 1/3 of fibula, Interosseous membrane
I: Base of dorsal aspect of distal 1st phalange
A: Extends great toe (IP, MTP), assists with dorsiflexion
N: Deep peroneal nerve

30
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Lateral condyle of tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Extends DIPs, IPs, MTPs of digits 2-5, assists with dorsiflexion
N: Deep peroneal nerve

31
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A

O: Distal end of fibula
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
A: Dorsiflexion
N: Deep peroneal nerve muscles

32
Q

Tom Harry Dick Pete (Anterior)

A
  • TOM (Tibialis Anterior)
  • HARRY (Extensor Hallicus Longus)
  • Bloody Nerves (Dorsalis Pedis)
  • DICK (Extensor Digitorum Longus)
  • PETE (Peroneus Tertius)
33
Q

Dorsalis Pedis (Pulse in foot)

A

Lies between Extensor Hallicus Longus and Extensor Digitorum Longus

34
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

O: Upper 2/3 of fibula
I: Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
A: Eversion, plantar flexion
N: Superficial peroneal nerve

35
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

O: Lower 1/3 of fibula
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
A: Eversion
N: Superficial peroneal nerve

36
Q

Extensor Digitorum and Hallicus Brevis

A

O: Calcaneus
I: Extensor tendons of hallicus and digitorum
A: Extension of digits 1-5
N: Deep peroneal nerve

  • Only muscle on dorsum of foot
37
Q

Layers of plantar surface of foot

A

Layer 1: Plantar fascia
Layer 2: Abductors of digits and great toe (1st, 5th)
Layer 3: Lumbricals of tendons of digitorum
Layer 4: Adductors of great toe, Interossei

  • All innervated by medial and plantar nerve (sciatic)
38
Q

Thompson Test

A
  • Squeeze gastroc, foot should plantar flex

- if ruptured, foot will not move

03 - Kinesiology (18 decks)

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