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03 - Kinesiology > 03-08: The Hand > Flashcards

03-08: The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Joints of the Thumb (3)

A

Carpometacarpal (CMC or CM) joint - Trapezium articulates with base of 1st metacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP or MP) joint - 1st metacarpal articulates with proximal phalanx
Interphalangeal (IP) joint - Articulation between proximal and distal phalanx

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2
Q

Thumb Motion - Flexion/Extension

A

Frontal plane about a sagittal axis (Cave on vex)

Flexion - 40˚, combines with slight rotation, medial glide
Extension - Lateral glide

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3
Q

Thumb Motion - Abduction/Adduction

A

Sagittal plane about a frontal axis (Vex on cave)

Abduction - Posterior roll, anterior glide
Adduction - Anterior roll, posterior glide

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4
Q

Thumb Motion - Opposition/Reposition

A
  • Opposition is THREE movements - Abduction, flexion, rotation (rotary component)
  • Opposition/Reposition separates us from primates (opposable thumbs)
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5
Q

Apehand Deformity

A

Condition in which there is an Inability to oppose thumb

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6
Q

Joints of fingers (Digits 2-5)

A

Carpometacarpal - Carpals and metacarpals
Metacarpophalangeal - “knuckles”
Proximal interphalangeal - PIP
Distal interphalangeal - DIP

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7
Q

CMC Joint of the Thumb

A

Gives mobility and stability

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8
Q

CMC Joint of the Fingers

A

Provides more stability than mobility

2nd-3rd digits: stationary
4th-5th digits: more mobile
5th digit has most CMC mobility (fist)

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9
Q

Boxer’s Fracture

A

Fx of the neck of distal 5th metacarpal

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10
Q

Range of Motion (MCP, PIP, DIP)

A

MCP: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, hyperextension
PIP: Flexion, extension
DIP: Flexion, extension

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11
Q

Arthrokinematics of hand joints

A

Radiocarpal - Vex on Cave (opposite glide/roll)
Intercarpal - Non-axial
CMC - Non-axial gliding (2-5), Saddle (1st digit)
1st CMC - Saddle - Sagittal (Vex on Cave), Frontal (Cave on Vex)
MCP - Cave on vex (Biaxial)
IP - Cave on Vex (Uniaxial)

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12
Q

Flexor Retinaculum Ligament

A
  • Prevents bowstringing
  • Fibrous band on anterior surface
  • Transverse carpal, palmar carpal ligament
  • Structures (10) run underneath and distal to FR
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13
Q

Extensor Retinaculum Ligament

A

Fibrous band on posterior surface

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14
Q

Extensor Expansion Ligament

A
  • Extensor hood, attaches to distal phalanx

- Provides attachment for several muscles

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15
Q

Tunnel of Guyon

A

Canopy formed by pisohamate ligament; ulnar nerve runs underneath

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16
Q

Anterior extrinsic muscles

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus

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17
Q

Posterior extrinsic muscles

A

Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor digitorum indicis
Extensor digiti minimi

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18
Q

Lateral extrinsic muscles

A

Abductor pollicis longis
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

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19
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coracoid process of ulna, Middle of anterior radius
I: Lateral aspects of middle phalanges 2-5
A: Flexes PIP, MCP, radiocarpal joint
N: Median nerve

  • Origin forms canopy for median nerve to pass underneath - can be area of impingement
  • Most superficial finger flexors - deep to wrist flexors
  • Bifurcates at middle phalange
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20
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

O: Anterior aspect of proximal ulna, interosseous membrane
I: Volar aspect of the base of distal phalanges 2-5 (runs deep to FDS)
A: Flexes DIP, PIP, MCP, radiocarpal joints
N: Median nerve (Digits 2-3), Ulnar nerve (Digits 4-5)

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21
Q

Flexor Pollicus Longus

A

O: Anterior aspect of radius, interosseous membrane
I: Volar aspect of distal phalange 1 (1st digit)
A: Flexes IP, MCP, assists with radial radiocarpal joint flexion
N: Median nerve

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22
Q

Extensor Digitorum Communis

A

O: Common extensor tendon
I: Extension hood (Dorsum of distal phalange) Digits 2-4
A: Extends DIP, PIP, MCP, radiocarpal joint
N: Radial nerve

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23
Q

Extensor Digitorum Indicis

A

O: Posterior aspect of ulna
I: Extensor hood of 2nd digit
A: Extends DIP, PIP, MCP, Radiocarpal joint of digit 2
N: Radial nerve

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24
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

O: Common extensor tendon
I: Extensor hood of 5th digit
A: Extends DIP, PIP, MCP, Radiocarpal joint of digit 5
N: Radial nerve

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25
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: Posterior aspect of ulna, interosseous membrane, posterior radius I: Base of 1st metacarpal A: Abduction of 1st digit N: Radial nerve
26
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: Posterior aspect of radius, interosseous membrane I: Base of proximal phalange of 1st digit A: Extends MCP, radiocarpal joint N: Radial nerve
27
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: Posterior ulna, interosseous membrane I: Base of distal phalange of 1st digit A: Extends DIP, MCP, radiocarpal joint; assists with supination N: Radial nerve
28
Anatomical Snuffbox
- Depression on the lateral side of the hand/thumb - Made up of APL, EPB, EPL - Base is the scaphoid
29
"Sign of the Pope"
- Median nerve injury - Making fist: Can't bend 1st three digits, wrist - Not deformity, just sign when making fist - No opposing to bring thumb forward
30
"Jersey finger"
Avusion injury - tendon ripped from bone in DIP, cannot activate phalange
31
Thenar Muscles
- Flexor pollicis brevis - Abductor pollicis brevis - Opponens pollicis (Deepest muscles) - Ennervated by median nerve
32
Hypothenar Muscles
- Flexor digiti minimi - Abductor digiti minimi - Opponens digiti minimi (Deepest muscles) - Ennervated by ulnar nerve
33
Deep Palmar Muscles
- Lumbricals - Palmar interossei (Lies between metacarpals) - Dorsal interossei (Lies between metacarpals) - Adductor pollicis
34
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
A: Flexes 1st digit N: Median nerve - Thenar
35
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
A: Abducts 1st digit N: Median nerve - Thenar
36
Opponens Pollicis
A: Opposes 1st digit N: Median nerve - Thenar
37
Flexor Digiti Minimi
A: Flexes 5th digit N: Ulnar nerve - Hypothenar
38
Abductor Digiti Minimi
A: Abducts 5th digit N: Ulnar nerve - Hypothenar
39
Opponens Digiti Minimi
A: Opposes 5th digit N: Ulnar nerve - Hypothenar
40
Adductor Pollicis
A: Adduction of 1st digit N: Ulnar nerve - Deeper palmar - Last muscle ennervated by ulnar nerve
41
Dorsal Interossei (DAB)
O: Adjacent to metacarpals I: Base of lateral aspects of proximal phalanx 2-4 A: Abducts digits 2-4 N: Ulnar nerve - Deeper palmar
42
Palmar Interossei (PAD)
O: Adjacent to respective metacarpals I: Base of respective proximal phalanx A: Adducts digits 2, 4, 5 N: Ulnar nerve - Deeper palmar
43
Lumbricals
O: Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus 2-5 I: Extension hood of digits 2-5 A: Flexes MCP, Extends IP N: Median nerve (Digits 2-3), Ulnar nerve (Digits 4-5)
44
Extensor Tendons at Wrist
Comp 1 - Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis Comp 2 - Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Comp 3 - Extensor Pollicis Longus Comp 4 - Extensor Digiti Communis, Extensor Digitorum Indicis Comp 5 - Extensor Digiti Minimi Comp 6 - Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
45
Colles Fracture
- FOOSH (Fall on an outstretched hand) | - Posterior displacement of distal radius (Fx)
46
Smith's Fracture
Anterior displacement of distal radius (Fx)
47
Ganglion Cyst
- Benign tumor mass filled with clear, jelly-like fluid | - Located on either dorsal or volar aspect of hand
48
De Quervain's Disease
- Inflammation of the sheath containing the EPB and APL | - Test using Finklestein's Test, treat as tendinosis
49
Dupuytren's Contracture
- Deformity - Thickening in the palmar aponeurosis = fixed position that cannot be fixed with PT on its own - Can be treated post-surgery (excise fibrous tissue)
50
Trigger Finger
- Tendon unable to slide in sheath due to swelling of either tendon or sheath - Tendon passes during flexion, but locks in position (manual reposition)
51
Swan Neck Deformity
- Hyperextension of PIP and flexion of DIP | - Late stage results in ulnar drift
52
Boutonniere's Deformity
Flexion of the PIP and extension of the DIP
53
Claw Hand
- Ulnar nerve - Hyperextension of MCP - Passive insufficiency of flexor tendons
54
Grind Test
- 1st metacarpal approximation
55
Finklestein's Test
- De Quervain's Syndrome | - Thumb in fist, test ulnar deviation
56
Phalen's Test
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | - Hold dorsal surface of hands together to see if it affects fingers
57
Tinel's Test
- Nerve irritation | - Tap, test to see if it sends signals of nerve irritation
58
Froment's Sign
- Ulnar nerve test - Adductor Pollicus - Hold paper between 1st-2nd digit and test strength
59
Power Grip
Cylindrical grasp - fingers ADD, flex at MCP (bottle) Spherical grasp - ABD and flexed fingers (doorknob) Hook grasp - ABD and flexes at IPs (suitcase)
60
Prehension Grip
Pad to pad - finger pad to finder pad (pinch salt) Pad to side - Pad of thumb to side of finger (keys) Side to side - side of finger to side of finger (cigarette) Lumbrical - Flexed MCP, extension of IP (water cup) 3-Jaw Chuck - 1st three digits come together (pulling a pickle out of jaw

03 - Kinesiology (18 decks)

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