Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

03 - Kinesiology > 03-01: Basic Information > Flashcards

03-01: Basic Information Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesiology - Definition

A

Study of movement - brings together Anatomy, Physiology, Physics and Geometry and relates them to human movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biomechanics - Definition

A

Mechanical principles (pulleys, levers, etc.) as it relates to the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kinetics - Definition

A

Forces causing movement - study of motion and causes - Means to MOVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Kinematics - Definition

A

Time, space and mass aspects of a moving system - Description of motion without consideration of cause - Means MOTION - Takes into account speed, vector force, direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Linear Motion

A

Same distance, direction, time - system as a whole moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rectilinear Motion

A

Motion in a straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Curvilinear Motion

A

Curved line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Angular Motion

A

Same angle, direction, time - various components move individually - further away from axes = greater degree of movement - Emphasis on angular motion in biomechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Cardinal joint movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, etc.) - refers to movement of bones around joint axis

One bone moving on another under voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Joint surface movement - what happens at joint articulating surfaces - basis of joint mobilization (have to understand natural arthrokinematic motion of joints to restore movement); “Without arthrokinematic motion, osteokinematics cannot occur.”

The way adjoining joint surfaces move on each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Somatotypes

A

Three main body types:

  • Endomorphs: Heavy build, wide hips, higher percentage of fat to muscle, soft, hypermobile
  • Mesomorphs: Athletic, more muscle, less fat, narrow hips, thick, stiff, limited range
  • Ectomorphs: Skinny, small frame, narrow, flat-chested, less muscle and fat; tall, lanky build
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Center of Gravity (COG)

A
  • Where the three cardinal planes (sagittal, frontal, tranverse) meet.
  • Located anterior to S-2 (The lower the COG, the more stable we are)
  • Whatever we carry always makes it part of COG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Axes

A
  • Points that run through the center of a joint around which a part rotates (pivot point)
  • Plane of motion and axis always run OPPOSITE of each other; All horizontal rotations occur around vertical axis
  • Joint movement around an axis is perpendicular to its plane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Three axis points

A
  • Sagittal: Point runs from front to back
  • Frontal: Point runs from side to side
  • Vertical: Point runs from top to bottom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Movements of the sagittal plane around a frontal axis

A

Flexion, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Movements of the frontal plane around a sagittal axis

A

Abduction, Adduction, Elevation, Depression, Inversion, Eversion, Lateral bending, Pronation, Supination, Radial Deviation, Ulnar deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Movements of the transverse plane around a vertical axis

A

Internal rotation, External rotation, Horizontal abduction, Horizontal adduction, Protraction, Retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Circumduction - Axis

A

Does not occur on a specific plane around a specific access - it is a combination of movement in the frontal and sagittal axes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Degrees of Freedom

A

The number of planes or axes a joint can move; pertains to synovial joints (diarthrodial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Uniaxial joint

A

Angular motion around 1 axis and 1 plane (1 degree of freedom) - Ex: Elbow

21
Q

Biaxial joint

A

Motion around 2 axes and 2 planes (two degrees of freedom) - Ex: Radiocarpal; Movement occurs in two different directions - can occur at condyloid and saddle joints

22
Q

Triaxial joint

A

Motion occurs in all 3 axes and all 3 planes (three degrees of freedom) - Hip joint (ball-and-socket joint); Allows more motion than any other kind

23
Q

Nonaxial joint

A

Movement is linear instead of angular - joint surfaces are flat; Glide over each other rather than around one another (no specific access or plane) - Ex: carpals, tarsals

24
Q

End Feel

A

Quality of feel when slight pressure is applied at the end of the joint’s PROM (feeling when taking joint through PROM)

25
Normal End Feel
Firm (Capsular, Ligamentous, Muscular), Hard (Bony), Soft (Tissue approximation, Muscular - Stretch)
26
Capsular End Feel (Firm)
Firm, leatherlike limitation that has slight give (creep - can stretch a little further past end feel); Related to normal capsular restriction - normal joint motion of shoulder Abnormal - stops midway through to normal range of motion
27
Ligamentous End Feel (Firm)
Firm end feel withough creep - Ex: Ankle inversion
28
Muscular End Feel (Firm)
Applies to muscle and tendon; Elastic, slow stretch that gives more creep than capsule - ROM will increase with time - Ex: Straight leg raise (SLR), HIp ABD)
29
Bony End Feel (Hard) or Hard End Feel
Hard, rigid abrupt limit to joint motion - sudden stop - Ex: Terminal elbow extension Abnormal - abrupt stop to end feel
30
Tissue Approximation (Soft)
Occurs when soft tissue of body prevents motion - Ex: Normal terminal elbow flexion (Where the two areas of soft tissue meet)
31
Empty End Feel
Lack of mechanical limitation of joint ROM - Cannot get to end feel because of pain
32
Springy Block
Rebound movement felt at the end of ROM - occurs with internal derangement (damage) of joint
33
Muscle guarding
Reflex muscle spasm during motion - Abnormal contractile response - Protective response seen in acute injury - sometimes unconscious block of ROM - Palpation of the muscle will reveal spasm
34
Abnormal cartilage
Hyaline cartilage that has been worn down - rough, grating feel - very common with arthritis in patella-femoral joint Cog -wheeled: Painful condition where cartilage will catch and stop Crepitus: "rice krispy" sound
35
Edematous or synovitis
Tissue has boggy end feel (filled with fluid); Swollen, warm joint that is painful during PROM
36
Convex, Concave
Vex - Curved out, Cave - Curved in
37
Ovoid joint
Two bones that form a convex-concave relationship - Most synovial joints are ovoid
38
Arthokinematic motion
What is happening IN the joint | The manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move on each other during osteokinematic joint movement
39
Accessory Movement
Joint motion that accompanies the movement and is essential to normal ROM and painless function - Two types: joint play, component movements
40
Joint Play
Joint needs external force to move outside volutional control
41
Component Movements
- Roll: Multiple contact points making contact with multiple points of counterpart; movement of one joint surface on another - Glide: One contact point makes contact with multiple points of counterpart; linear movement parallel to the plane of the adjoining surface - Spin: One contact point making contact with one contact point on counterpart; rotation of one joint on another - same point on each surface remains in contact
42
Convex-concave rule
Concave - Moves in the SAME direction as the body segment's motion (glide moves in same as moving segment) Convex - Moves in the OPPOSITE direction as the body segment's motion (glide moves in opposite as moving segment)
43
Joint congruency
Joint surfaces have maximum contact with each other, are tightly compressed and difficult to separate - Ligaments taut - Closed-pack(ed) = greatest potential for stability - Usually occurs at one extreme of ROM
44
Joint incongruency
Joint surfaces do not have maximum contact with each other and are easily separated - Ligaments lax - Open pack(ed) or Loose-pack(ed) = resting position, best position for joint mobilization - Joint play demonstrated
45
Three accessory motion forces during joint mobilization
Traction: Tension (pressure) on joint; no joint separation - Distraction: External forces are exerted causing joint surfaces to be pulled apart - full joint play to assist with mobility of joint; can use to increase ROM Compression (Approximation): External force pushes joint surfaces together - promotes stability Shear: Approximation, then glide (gliding with load); forces occur parallel to surface, resulting in glide motion at the joint
46
Two forces that are combination of accessory motion
Bending: Forces other than vertical force are applied; combination of forces; results in compression on Cave side and distraction on Vex side Rotary Force: Combo of compression and shear; involves twisting
47
Joint Mobilization
Passive oscillatory motion or sustained stretch that is applied at a slow enough speed by an external force (accessory movements necessary)
48
Manipulation
Passive movement applied with very quick thrust within a short range that cannot be stopped (high velocity/low attitude)

03 - Kinesiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions