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03 - Kinesiology > 03-10: The Hip Joint > Flashcards

03-10: The Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Hip joint (Definition; Stability vs. shoulder)

A
  • Ball-and-socket joint
  • Like shoulder in movement, but to a lesser degree (less mobility = more stability)
  • More stability in hip joint compared to shoulder
  • Femur sits in acetabulum of innominate bone
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2
Q

Angle of Inclination

A
  • Angle within the frontal plane between the femoral neck and the medial side of the femoral shaft
  • Average adult = 125˚
  • Newborns = 140-150˚ angle reduces to 125˚ with onset of standing /walking
  • Can only be detected via X-ray
  • Tested with Craig’s Test
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3
Q

Coxa Vara

A
  • A of I markedly less than 125˚
  • Distal end moves medially
  • Genu valgus - Tibia moves outward
  • “knock-kneed”
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4
Q

Coxa Valga

A
  • A of I markedly greater than 125˚
  • Distal end moves laterally
  • Genu vara - Tibia moves inward
  • “bow-legged”
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5
Q

Normal Antiversion

A
  • Sits at 15˚ angle anterior

- head - refers to head of femur in relation to condyles (greater than 15˚)

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6
Q

Antiverted Hip

A
  • Excessive antiversion, results in “toeing”

- Head of femur moves anterior, greater than 15˚

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7
Q

Retroverted Hip

A
  • Excessive internal rotation outside of 15˚

- Head of femur moves posterior, less than 15˚

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8
Q

Hip joint capsule ligaments (3)

A
  • Limit extreme hip ROM

- Iliofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament

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9
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

Checks excessive internal rotation

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10
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

Checks excessive abduction

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11
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A
  • One of the thickest and strongest ligaments
  • Prevents extreme hip extension
  • Known as “Y” ligament because of pull
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12
Q

Capsular Pattern of Hip Joint

A

IR > EXT > ABD > Flex > ER

  • IR most affected, ER least afected
  • Limitation when capsule is limited (hip)
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13
Q

ROM Hip Flexion

A

Passive hip flexion limited to 80-90˚ by hamstrings when knee is extended; Knee flexed measures at 120˚

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14
Q

ROM Hip Extension

A

30˚ with extended knee

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15
Q

ROM Abduction

A

45˚ limited by capsular ligaments, adductor and hamstrings

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16
Q

ROM Adduction

A

25˚ due to interference from other limb (45˚ with flexion) and/or due to abductopr muscles, ITB, or hip capsule

17
Q

ROM Internal Rotation

A

45˚

18
Q

ROM External Rotation

A

45˚ - may be limited by hip capsule, ITB or TFL

19
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: TPs, bodies, discs of T12-L5
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
A: Hip Flexor (Primary), External rotation (open kinematic), Anterior Pelvic Tilt (closed kinematic)
N: L2, L3

  • Femoral Nerve comes off L2-L4
  • Associated with iliacus = iliopsoas
20
Q

Iliacus

A

O: Iliac fossa, Superior rim of iliac crest
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
A: Hip Flexor (Primary), External rotation (open kinematic), Anterior Pelvic Tilt (closed kinematic)
N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

  • Associated with psoas major = iliopsoas
  • Stabilizes femur (anterior pelvic tilt) = closed kinematic
21
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

O: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
I: Tibial Tuberosity via patella ligament
A: Hip flexion, knee extension
N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

22
Q

Sartorius

A

O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
I: Pes Anserine (Anterior medial proximal tibia)
A: Hip flexion, external rotation, abduction, knee flexion = tailor’s position
N: Femoral Nerve

  • Longest muscle in the body
23
Q

Femoral Triangle

A
  • Femoral Nerve, Femoral Vein, Femoral Artery
  • Checked for strength of pulse
  • Main blood supplier of lower extermity
  • Borders: Lat - Sartorius, Med - Pectineus, Floor - Iliopsoas, Roof - Inguinal ligament
24
Q

Pectineus

A

O: Superior ramis of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur (posterior and inferior to lesser trochanter)
A: HIp adduction, also initiates hip flexion
N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

25
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: Pubis
I: Middle 1/3 of Linea Aspera (Posterior medial)
A: Hip adduction and flexion
N: Obturator Nerve

26
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: Pubis
I: Proximal Linea Aspera
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator Nerve

27
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: Ischium and Pubis
I: Linea Aspera and adductor tubercle
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator and Sciatic Nerve

28
Q

Adductor Magnus - Anterior

A

O: Pubis
I: Entire length of Linea Aspera
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator Nerve

29
Q

Adductor Magnus - Posterior

A

O: Ischium
I: Adductor tubercle (medial aspect of epicondyle of femur)
A: Hip adduction, hip extension
N: Sciatic Nerve

30
Q

Gracilis

A

O: Pubis
I: Pes Anserine (Anterior proximal medial tibia)
A: Hip adduction, knee flexion
N: Obturator

  • Most medial muscle of thigh
31
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: Posterior ilium and sacrum
I: Posterior proximal greater trochanter (gluteal line), ITB
A: External rotator, hip extension, hip abduction with TFL, knee extension via ITB
N: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

  • merges into fibers of ITB
  • Power muscle for hip extension
32
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: Outer (lateral) crest of ilium
I: Lateral and posterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur
A: Hip abduction (open kinentic), Stabilizes pelvis (closed kinetic), contributes to external rotation
N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

(RO)

  • Levels pelvis in closed kinematic
  • Gluteus medius lurch (lateral lurch) due to weak gluteus medius
33
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: Outer (lateral) iliac fossa
I: Anterior aspect of greater trochanter
A: Hip abduction, internal rotation of hip
N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

34
Q

Trendelenburg Sign

A
  • Lean toward side of weakness
  • Pelvis drops to contralateral sign of weighbearing
  • Lateral lurch = Trendelenburg gait
  • Lurch towards side of weakness
35
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

O: ASIS, Anterior portion of iliac crest
I: Gerdy’s Tubercle via ITB
A: Hip flexor, internal rotation, hip abduction (with glute maximus), contributes to knee flexion (ITB)
N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

36
Q

Deep Rotator Cuffs

A
  • Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Obturator Internus, Gemellus Inferior, Quadratus Femoris

O: Sacrum, Ischium, Pubis
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip external rotation
N: Obturator Nerve, S1, S2

37
Q

Hip adductors (5)

A

Pectineus, Gracilis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus

38
Q

Hip abductors (5)

A

Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Obturator Internus, Gemellus Inferior, Quadratus Femorus

39
Q

Hip extensors (5)

A

Sartorius,

03 - Kinesiology (18 decks)

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