Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell > 02.14 - Translation > Flashcards

02.14 - Translation Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not needed in translation?

a. Promoter sequence
b. Translation factors
c. Energy sources
d. Enzymes

A

a. Promoter sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In which part of the tRNA is the amino acid attached?

A

Acceptor arm/3’ end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which part of the tRNA contains the recognition site for specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

A

D arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which part of the tRNA binds aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomal subunit?

A

Thymidine-Pseudouridine-Cystidine Arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: The binding of specific amino acids with their corresponding tRNAs requires ATP.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which part of the amino acid binds to the 3’ end of the tRNA?

A

Carboxyl end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This process involves the conversion of RNA into a protein product.

A

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, translation is said to be __________.

A

Degenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When a particular codon can code only for a single amino acid, it is said to be ___________.

A

Unambiguous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the genetic code in translation?

a. Overlapping
b. Unpunctuated
c. Universal
d. None of the above

A

a. Overlapping (There is no overlap in reading codons.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is the first step in the initiation phase of translation?

A

Dissociation of ribosomes into 40S and 60S subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which initiation factors stabilises the dissociated ribosomal subunits?

A

eIF-3 and eIF-1A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What initiation factor binds to GTP to form a complex that binds to methionyl-tRNA?

A

eIF-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The eIF-2-GTP-Met-tRNA complex binds to which ribosomal subunit to form the 43S pre initiation complex?

A

40S subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What forms when mRNA binds to the 43S pre-initiation complex?

A

48S initiation complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What initiation factor complex is responsible for the binding and removal of the mRNA 5’ methyl cap?

A

eIF-4F complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What specific initiation factor serves as a scaffolding protein that holds other initiation factors of the eIF-4F complex?

A

eIF-4G

18
Q

Which initiation factor is responsible for recognising and binding to the methyl cap?

A

eIF-4E

19
Q

What inhibits initiation when bound to eIF-4E?

A

BP-1

20
Q

What triggers the detachment of BP-1 from eIF-4E?

A

Phosphorylation by insulin and mitogens

21
Q

What initiation factors removes the 5’ methyl cap from the rest of the mRNA?

A

eIF-4A and eIF-4B

22
Q

What is the prokaryotic counterpart of the eukaryotic 5’ cap?

A

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

23
Q

This consensus sequence covers purines from -3 to +4 around the AUG sequence, and is scanned by the 48S initiation complex.

A

Kozak sequence

24
Q

Binding of the 48S initiation complex into the 60S subunit forms _____________.

A

80S initiation complex

25
Q

Which initiation factor hydrolyses the GTP bound to eIF-2 to remove all initiation factors from the complex?

A

eIF-5

26
Q

Which is not part of the 80S initiation complex

a. 40S and 60S subunits
b. mRNA without methyl cap
c. Initiation factors
d. Met-tRNA

A

c. Initiation factors

27
Q

What phase follows the initiation phase of translation?

A

Elongation

28
Q

What elongation factor binds to GTP, forming a complex that bdins with the entering aminoacyl-tRNA?

A

eEF-1alpha

29
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. The amino group of A site aminoacyl-tRNA will make a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of the P site aminoacyl tRNA.
b. Peptide bond formation is catalysed by peptidyltransferase.
c. Peptidyltransferase is a component of the 40S subunit.
d. None of the above.

A

c. Peptidyltransferase is a component of the 40S subunit. (It is a component of the 60S subunit.)

30
Q

What elongation complex facilitates the transfer of A-site tRNA to the P site?

A

eEF-2 + GTP

31
Q

How many ATPs are consumed in the activation of tRNA?

A

2 ATPs

32
Q

How many GTPs are consumed in the entry of aminoacyl-tRNA into the A site?

A

1 GTP

33
Q

How many GTPs are consumed in the translocation of mRNA along the ribosome?

A

1 GTP

34
Q

How many ATPs and GTPs are consumed in the initiation phase?

A 
1 ATP (ATP hydrolysis facilitates mRNA binding to 43S complex)
1 GTP (GTP binds to eIF-2, which is then hydrolysed by eIF-5 for the release of initiation factors)
35
Q

A hypothetical polypeptide chain is composed of Met-Val. How many ATPs and GTPs are consumed in the overall translation process?

A

1 ATP + 1 GTP (initiation)
2 ATP + 1 GTP + 1 GTP (elongation)
1 GTP (termination)
= 3 ATPs and 4 GTPs

36
Q

What removes the polypeptide chain from the P-site tRNA?

A

eRFs + GTP + peptidyltransferase

37
Q

What reaction is facilitated by the eRF-GTP-peptidyltransferase complex?

A

Hydrolysis

38
Q

What release factor responds to UAA and UAG stop codons?

A

eRF-1

39
Q

What release factor responds to UAA and UGA stop codons?

A

eRF-2

40
Q

What release factor binds to GTP?

A

eRF-3

Cell (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions