02.01 - Histology of the Cell Flashcards
Which of the following applies to a scanning electron microscope?
a. It makes use of visible light to view a specimen.
b. Electrons pass on the surface of the specimen.
c. Electrons pass through the specimen.
d. All details, including the interior of a cell, can be seen.
b. Electrons pass on the surface of the specimen.
A compound light microscope set at a low power objective will have a total magnification of:
a. 10x
b. 40x
c. 100x
d. 400x
c. 100x
True or False: When using the microscope, the proper way is to start with the high power objective first.
False
What knob is used to adjust scanning and low power objective lens?
Coarse adjustment knob
What knob should be used to regulate the distance between the slide and the high power and oil immersion objectives?
Fine adjustment knob
A certain cuboidal cell measures 2 micrometers in length, width, and height. What is its volume in cubic nanometers?
a. 200 cubic nanometers
b. 2000 cubic nanometers
c. 800 cubic nanometers
d. 8000 cubic nanometers
d. 8000 cubic nanometers
An angstrom is equivalent to:
a. 10^-1 m
b. 10^-6 m
c. 10^-10 m
d. 10^-100 m
c. 10^-10 m
A certain spherical cell occupies one-fourth of the total field of vision of a microscope set at the high power objective. What is the length of the cell?
a. 0.1 mm
b. 0.01 mm
c. 0.40 mm
d. 0.16 mm
a. 0.1 mm
What is the diameter of the field of vision of a high power lens?
0.4 mm
What is the average length of a red blood cell?
7.74 micrometers
What are the six steps of slide preparation?
Fixation Dehydration Clearing Embedding Sectioning Staining
What is the function of fixation?
a. It terminates cellular processes.
b. It removes alcohols in preparation for the next step.
c. It removes water from the cells.
d. A and C
a. It terminates cellular processes.
Which of the following is correctly paired?
a. Fixation - ethyl alcohol
b. Embedding -microtome
c. Clearing - benzene
d. Staining - paraffin wax
c. Clearing - benzene
What happens during the dehydration process for slide preparation?
a. The cells are bathe in progressively increasing concentrations of alcohol.
b. Water is removed from the cells.
c. Tissue becomes transparent.
d. A and B
d. A and B
What is the purpose of the addition of xylene or benzene in the clearing process?
a. It removes alcohol and water in preparation for the embedding process.
b. It prevents autolysis of organelles.
c. It preserves tissue architecture.
d. B and C.
a. It removes alcohol and water in preparation for the embedding process.
What step in slide preparation makes use of melted paraffin wax to obtain a rigid consistency of the specimen for sectioning?
Embedding
A slide of a certain tissue stained with H&E stain shows a deep blue cytoplasm under the high power objective. What can you correctly infer from this observation?
a. The cells are actively transcribing mRNA and synthesizing proteins.
b. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is producing a large concentration of histidine-rich proteins.
c. The Golgi apparatus is packaging secretory products with a pH greater than 7.
d. The eosin dye was not applied properly.
a. The cells are actively transcribing mRNA and synthesizing proteins.
Which of the following applies to eosin?
a. It is a basic dye.
b. It stains the nucleus blue.
c. It reacts with acidophilic cellular components.
d. It has a remarkable selectivity for elastic fibers.
c. It reacts with acidophilic cellular components.
You are observing a fresh liver tissue sample treated with insulin. You stained the tissue with the periodic acid-Schiff. What do you expect to see under the light microscope?
a. Pale, transparent liver cells
b. Liver cells with a deep blue cytoplasm
c. Integral proteins in the cell membrane colored pink
d. Magenta-colored granules in the cytoplasm
d. Magenta-colored granules in the cytoplasm
The PAS stain stains what kind of macromolecules?
Glyogen, carbohydrates
You stained a blood sample with a Wright and Giemsa stain and you observed cells with purple granules. What are these cells?
a. Erythrocytes
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. Basophils
d. Basophils
What do you expect to be colored pink after using the Wright and Giemsa stain?
a. Erythrocyte nuclei
b. Leukocyte nuclei
c. Eosinophil granules
d. Cytoplasm of monocytes
c. Eosinophil granules
What histologic stain is used to stain elastic fibers?
Orcein elastic stain
This stain selectively deposits silver from silver oxide on reticular fibers, coloring them black.
Silver stain
Which of the following is commonly stained with iron hematoxylin stain?
a. Cardiac muscle
b. Walls of arteries
c. Collagen fibers
d. Red blood cells
a. Cardiac muscle
When Masson’s trichrome stain is used, you would expect to see:
a. Nuclei that are colored red
b. Deep blue cytoplasm
c. Light blue collagen fibers
d. Black reticular fibers
c. Light blue collagen fibers
When stained with Masson’s trichrome, nuclei of cells are colored:
Dark blue
Collagen fibers appear __________ when stained with Masson’s trichrome.
Light blue
Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
a. H&E - blue acidic regions
b. Orcein elastic stain - brown
c. Iron hematoxylin - black reticular fibers
d. Wright and Giemsa - Purple basophil granules
c. Iron hematoxylin - black reticular fibers
Which cellular component is composed of a fluid medium and is the principal site of metabolic functions?
Cytoplasm
Which of the following is not true about the cell membrane?
a. It can only be seen under EM.
b. It is bilaminar and composed of a lipid bilayer.
c. It is composed of phospholipids, proteins, and glycocalyx.
d. It is predominantly hydrophobic or non-polar.
b. It is bilaminar and composed of a lipid bilayer.
What proteins span the entire width of the plasma membrane?
Intrinsic or integral proteins
Carrier proteins:
a. are found only in the inner and outer surface of the plasmalemma
b. transports cellular products extracellularly
c. are binding domains for hormones
d. A and B
b. transports cellular products extracellularly
It is a mat of delicate, branching polysaccharide filaments that forms a coat on the outer surface of the cell.
Glycocalyx
Which of the following is not a function of the glycocalyx?
a. Synthesis of fatty acids
b. Cell recognition
c. Intercellular adhesion
d. Mechanical protection
a. Synthesis of fatty acids
What is the largest organelle of the cell?
Nucleus
These are clumps of basophilic genetic material found in the nucleus that winds around histone proteins.
Chromatin
Heterochromatin is:
a. active
b. acidophilic
c. in condensed state
d. A and B
c. in condensed state
This structure consists of a core of eight histone molecules with two loops of DNA wrapped around the octamer.
Nucleosome
Which of the following is the more complex form of eukaryotic DNA?
a. condensed chromatin
b. solenoid
c. nucleosome
d. DNA double helix
a. condensed chromatin
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the nuclear envelope?
a. Trilaminar
b. Ribosomes attached to the outer membrane
c. With uniformly distributed nuclear pores
d. With two parallel membranes
c. With uniformly distributed nuclear pores
It is a non-membranous structure associated with the nuclear pore and which controls the entry or exit of substances from the cell.
Nuclear pore complex
Which of the following serves as the principal barrier for to the movement of particles greater than 10 nm?
a. Nuclear pore complex
b. Carrier proteins
c. Receptor proteins
d. Inner nuclear membrane
a. Nuclear pore complex
It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis in the cell.
Nucleolus
Messenger RNA is transcribed from template DNA with the help of what enzyme?
RNA polymerase II
Which of the following does not pertain to tRNA?
a. Its structure has four loops.
b. It delivers amino acid to the translation site.
c. It contains the anticodon.
d. It is a single RNA strand.
a. Its structure has four loops.
Which is not a function of the rough ER?
a. Synthesis of fatty acids
b. Synthesis of integral proteins
c. Protein production
d. A and B
a. Synthesis of fatty acids
What do organelle you expect to be very extensive in liver cells and steroid-secreting endocrine glands?
a. Rough ER
b. Smooth ER
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Cytoskeleton
b. Smooth ER
It is the face of the Golgi apparatus where budding off and formation of secretory vesicles take place.
Trans face
Which is not a function of the Golgi apparatus?
a. Formation of secretory granules
b. Detoxification of alcohol
c. Membrane synthesis
d. Glycoprotein modification
b. Detoxification of alcohol
What is the principal biochemical activity in the mitochondria?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Which mitochondrial structure and function are correctly paired?
a. Cristae - source of enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation
b. Intermembrane space - Contains mtDNA
c. Mitochondrial matrix - glycolytic pathway
d. B and C
a. Cristae - source of enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation
These are digestive organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign materials.
Lysosomes
What is the main function of peroxisomes?
Detoxification (alcohol, uric acid, toxic drugs)
It is an oxidative enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Catalase
Which does not describe the centrosome?
a. Granular area that is marked by the presence of centrioles
b. Membrane-bound
c. Organizing center for microtubule formation
d. Involved in cell division
b. Membrane-bound
Which cytoplasmic inclusion is found abundant in hypoglycemics?
a. Lipid
b. Glycogen
c. Lipofuscin
d. None of the above
b. Glycogen
It is a structural element of the cytoskeleton that is composed of actin filaments.
Microfilaments
Which is not a function of microtubules?
a. Beating of cilia and flagella
b. Chromosomal movement during mitosis
c. Structural component of keratinocytes
d. Pseudopodia
b. Structural component of keratinocytes
Which of the following is not indicative of intense metabolic activity within a cell?
a. Increased concentration of heterochromatin
b. Basophilic stippling
c. More extensive mitochondrial cristae
d. Increased amounts of mRNA
a. Increased concentration of heterochromatin
