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Cell > 02.13 - Transcription > Flashcards

02.13 - Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

It is the process of synthesising RNA from a DNA template.

A

Transcription

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2
Q

Which strand runs from the 3’–>5’ direction?

A

Template strand

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3
Q

The synthesised RNA appears similar to what strand?

A

Coding strand

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4
Q

Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a. Template strand
b. Anti-sense strand
c. Sense strand
d. Non-coding strand

A

c. Sense strand

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5
Q

Promoter sequences are found in which region?

a. Upstream the coding strand
b. Upstream the template strand
c. Downstream the coding strand
d. None of the above

A

a. Upstream the coding strand

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6
Q

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

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7
Q

Which subunit of RNA polymerase facilitates the assembly of subunits?

A

Alpha 1

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8
Q

Which subunit of RNA polymerase serves as the promoter-binding site?

A

Alpha 2

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9
Q

Which subunit of RNA polymerase has 5

–>3’ polymerase activity?

A

Beta

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10
Q

Which subunit of RNA polymerase serves as the template-binding site?

A

Beta prime

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11
Q

What are the two functions of the catalytic site of RNA polymerase?

A

Helicase activity

Addition of NTPs (polymerase activity)

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12
Q

Which RNA polymerase subunit is in charge of stabilising the RNA molecule?

A

Omega

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13
Q

What non-protein component increases the affinity of RNA polymerase for the promoter region?

A

Sigma factor

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14
Q

This termination factor signals the end of transcription of termination factor-dependent termination.

A

Rho factor

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15
Q

What are the three phases of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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16
Q

What are the two sequences that are found in the promoter region of prokaryotes?

A 
-35 sequence (5'-TTGACA-3')
Pribnow box (5'-TATAAT-3')
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17
Q

Where is the Pribnow box located?

a. 35 bases to the left of the start of transcription
b. 35 bases upstream of the coding strand
c. 8 to 10 bases to the left of the start of transcription
d. 8 to 10 bases upstream of the coding strand
e. C and D

A

e. C and D

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18
Q

During which phase is the sigma factor released?

A

Elongation

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19
Q

Which of the following is true about RNA polymerase?

a. It does not require a primer.
b. It has inherent DNA-DNA helicase activity.
c. It has no nuclease activity.
d. All of the above.

A

d. All of the above.

20
Q

Rho-dependent termination is characterized or is associated with which of the following?

a. C-rich regions near the 3’ end
b. RNA-DNA helices activity
c. Hairpin turn
d. A and B

A

d. A and B

21
Q

Rho-independent termination is associated with which of the following?

a. C-rich regions
b. G-C rich regions
c. Weak U-A regions
d. B and C

A

d. B and C

22
Q

What drug suppresses the initiation step in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by binding to the beta subunits of RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampin

23
Q

What drug binds to the DNA-RNA complex which results in the inhibition of strand elongation?

A

Dactinomycin

24
Q

Acetylation of lysine residues is mediated by which enzyme?

A

Histone acetyltransferases

25
Q

The action of histone acetyltransferases results in what chromatin structure?

A

Euchromatin

26
Q

What enzyme restores the positive charge of lysine to increase its interaction with the chromatin strand?

A

Histone deacetyltransferases

27
Q

Restoration of the positive charge of lysine results in what chromatin structure?

A

Heterochromatin

28
Q

DNA methylation:

a. Promotes transcription
b. Inhibits mRNA production by blocking transcription factors
c. Removes the positive charge from lysine
d. Results in a polypeptide chain

A

b. Inhibits mRNA production by blocking transcription factors

29
Q

What are the two sequences found in the eukaryotic promoter region?

A

TATA Box or Goldberg-Hogness Box

CAAT Box

30
Q

Which of the following pertains to the CAAT Box?

a. 5’-GGCCAATCT-3’
b. 5’-ATATAAAA-3’
c. -25 region
d. -70 region
e. A and D

A

e. A and D

31
Q

TATA Box is located in what region?

A

-25 region

32
Q

What is the equivalent of the alpha subunit in eukaryotic transcription?

A

TFIID

33
Q

What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis or large rRNA in the nucleolus?

A

RNA polymerase I

34
Q

What enzyme synthesises mRNA from a DNA template strand?

A

RNA polymerase II

35
Q

What enzyme produces tRNA?

A

RNA polymerase III

36
Q

Which RNA polymerase is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin?

A

RNA polymerase II

37
Q

Which RNA polymerase is inhibited by alpha-amanitin only in high concentration?

A

RNA polymerase III

38
Q

Which RNA polymerase i unaffected by alpha-amanitin?

A

RNA polymerase I

39
Q

True or False: Pre-rRNA undergoes modification through cleavage.

A

True

40
Q

Which of the following are examples of tRNA modifications?

a. Intron removal
b. Trimming of 5’ and 3’ ends
c. Addition of certain sequences at the 3’ end
d. Modification to unusual bases

A

All of the above

41
Q

What enzyme facilitates the addition of a 7-methyl-guanosine triphosphate cap?

A

Guanine-7-methyltransferase or guanylyltransferase

42
Q

What enzyme facilitates the addition of the poly-A tail?

A

Polyadenylate polymerase

43
Q

What is the function of 5’ capping

A

Protection

Recognition

44
Q

What disease results from antibodies attacking snRNPs?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

45
Q

What disease results from aberrant splicing of the beta-globin mRNA?

A

Beta-thalassemia

Cell (18 decks)

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