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Cell > 02.04 - Review of Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

02.04 - Review of Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following describes the DNA structure?

a. Phosphate group attached to carbon 5 of the sugar
b. Hydroxyl group at carbon 2 of the sugar
c. Thymine attached to carbon 5 of the sugar
d. Adenine bonded with uracil

A

a. Phosphate group attached to carbon 5 of the sugar

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2
Q

What is the difference between nucleoside and nucleotide?

A

A nucleotide has a phosphate group attached to it.

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3
Q

What links DNA nucleotides together?

A

3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds

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4
Q

What can be found at the 5’ end of a DNA strand?

a. Free -OH group
b. Free phosphate group
c. Free methyl group
d. Free carbonyl group

A

b. Free phosphate group

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5
Q

What is found at the 3’ end of a DNA strand?

a. Free -OH group
b. Free phosphate group
c. Free methyl group
d. Free carbonyl group

A

a. Free -OH group

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6
Q

Which is not a property of the DNA strand?

a. Semiconservative replication
b. Antiparallel strands
c. ΣA + ΣC = ΣG + ΣT
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

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7
Q

How many hydrogen bonds exist between adenine and thymine? Cytosine and guanine?

A

2, 3

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8
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. CG bonds are stronger than AT bonds
b. RNA may be double-stranded.
c. Van der Waals forces exist between nitrogenous bases.
d. The A-form of the DNA is right-handed.

A

c. Van der Waals forces exist between nitrogenous bases.

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9
Q

Which of the following does not stabilise the double helix?

a. Hydrophobic interactions
b. Van der Waals forces
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

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10
Q

Which form of DNA has 10 residues per turn?

A

B-form

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11
Q

Which form of DNA is left-handed?

A

Z-form

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12
Q

Which form of DNA is the dehydrated B-form and is usually found in DNA-RNA or RNA-RNA interactions?

A

A-form

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13
Q

Which is incorrectly matched?

a. B-form - 11 residues per turn
b. A-form - right-handed
c. Z-form - 12 residues per turn
d. A and B

A

a. B-form - 11 residues per turn

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14
Q

These are the sites of protein attachment for interaction with DNA.

A

Major and minor grooves

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15
Q

Which of the following is true?

a. Supercoiling is crucial in ensuring that the DNA fits inside the limited space of the nucleus.
b. The lesser the number of supercoils, the greater the stress or torsion.
c. Supercoils must be retained during replication.
d. None of the above.

A

a. Supercoiling is crucial in ensuring that the DNA fits inside the limited space of the nucleus.

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16
Q

What agents can be used for DNA denaturation?

a. Formamide
b. Heat
c. Increase in salt concentration
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

17
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. DNA denaturation is reversible.
b. At the melting temperature, 50% of the H-bonds between nitrogen bases have been destroyed.
c. DNA renaturation is not spontaneous and therefore has requires a large energy input.
d. The polymerase chain reaction makes use of increased temperature to denature DNA.

A

c. DNA renaturation is not spontaneous and therefore has requires a large energy input.

18
Q

RNA is:

a. a polydeoxyribonucleotide
b. a polyhydroxyribonucleotide
c. involved in protein synthesis
d. B and C

A

d. B and C

19
Q

Enumerate the three main kinds of RNA (in order of decreasing concentration in the cell).

A

rRNA (most abundant)
mRNA
tRNA

20
Q

What ribosomal subunit is not present in eukaryotes?

a. 40S
b. 60S
c. 70S
d. 80S

21
Q

Which of the following does not describe a tRNA

a. adapter molecule
b. extensive interchain base pairing
c. cloverleaf-shaped
d. may contain unusual bases

A

b. extensive interchain base pairing (Pairing is intrachain in a tRNA molecule.)

22
Q

What is the most heterogenous RNA?

23
Q

A type of small RNA (sRNA) involved in the processing of mRNA and rRNA and gene regulation.

A

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

24
Q

This type of sRNA inhibits gene expression.

A

Micro RNA (miRNA)

25
Q

Which of the following is not a function of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

a. mRNA regulation
b. Inhibition of gene expression
c. Regulates the speed of creation of new RNA
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

26
Q

Enumerate the five nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA.

A 
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
27
Q

Enumerate the nucleoside forms of the nitrogenous bases.

A 
Adenosine
Guanosine
Cytidine
Thymidine
Uridine
28
Q

Enumerate the nucleotide forms of the nitrogenous bases.

A 
Adenosine phosphate
Guanosine phosphate
Cytidine phosphate
Thymidine phosphate
Uridine phosphate
29
Q

Which is more sensitive to alkali, DNA or RNA? Why?

A

RNA has increased sensitivity due to the presence of the hydroxyl group in carbon number 2.

Cell (18 decks)

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