02 Psychology: Leadership Flashcards
What types of leader positions are there in sport?
-captain
-manager
-director
-coach
-physiotherapist
-team sports psychologist
Characteristics of an effective leader?
-good communication skills
-high motivation
-enthusiasm
-having a clear goal or a vision of what needs to be achieved
-empathy (an ability to put yourself in the position of others to understand how they feel)
-being good at the sport themselves or having a comprehensive knowledge of the sport
-charisma
What is an emergent leader?
Come from within the group because they are skilful or because the rest of the team selected them
What are prescribed leaders?
Appointed leaders are appointed to a team from an external source
Advantages of an emergent leader…..
Disadvantages of an emergent leader…
Advantages of a prescribed leaders….
Disadvantages of a prescribed leader…..
What are the 3 leadership styles?
- Autocratic
- Democratic
- Laissez-faire
Characteristics of an autocratic style?
-task orientated
-dictatorial in style
-make most of the decisions
-commanding and directing approaches
Characteristics of a democratic style?
-person orientated
-value views of other group members
-tend to share decisions
-show lots of interest in individuals of group
Characteristics of laissez-faire style?
-make very few decisions
-give very little feedback
-individual group members usually do as they wish
When would autocratic style be used?
- When discipline and control are needed
- Hostile groups are involved
- Lack of time
- Cognitive learners
- Novices, team players and males prefer autocratic style
- Dangerous skills
- Clear and unambiguous tasks
- If leader’s personality is autocratic
When would democratic style be used?
- When group members wish or are able to participate in decision- making
- Advanced performers
- Social or ‘friendly’ match
- Task demands greater interpersonal communication
- If leader and group members are well known to each other
- Females
- Not dangerous tasks
- Small teams or individuals
- Leaders personality is more democratic
When should Laissez-Faire be used?
- High-level or elite athletes
- To develop creativity
- Leader has full trust in member’s capabilities
- Task involves individual decision making
- In an assessment situation
- Leader is incompetent or is unable to employ any other style
Why should coaches not rely on the autocratic approach too heavily?
May result in hostility and deter athletes from taking on any personal responsibility in situations where their coach isn’t present
Describe the trait perspective theory
Leaders have a genetic disposition or innate characteristics that show leader qualities. “Greater leaders are born and not made”
Describe the argument against the trait perspective theory
People in sport tend to be quite specific in their leadership skills, depending on their particular situation, which works against the more generalised approach of the trait perspective
What does the trait perspective theory asume?
- Certain traits produce certain patterns of behaviour
- These patterns are consistent across different situations
- People are born with these leadership traits
What is the social learning theory?
Leader characteristics are learned from others. Behaviour of others is watched and copied- called vicarious learning
Define vicarious learning
The person observes that a reward is given to another person for certain behaviours and learns to emulate that same behaviour
Describe the interactionist theory
An individual may well have certain in-born traits but they are not evident unless a situation demands leadership behaviour. It accounts for the fact that some people are not generally leaders in everyday life, but they can show leadership qualities in sports situations.
What are three factors Chelladurai identified that affect leadership?
1: Characteristics of situation
2: Characteristics of leader
3: Characteristics of people who are to be led
When is leadership most likely to be effective?
When more elements of Chelladurai’s multi-dimensional model of leadership match each other. If the leadership qualities are what group want and expect, they are more likely to follow the leader.
