[01] Frases e gramática básica Flashcards
나는 여자야 — 저는 여자예요
I am a woman.
나는 선생님이야. — 저는 선생님이에요.
I am a teacher.
나는 사람이야 — 저는 사람이에요.
I am a person.
그 사람은 선생님이야 — 그 사람은 선생님이에요
That person is a teacher.
이것은 탁자야 — 이것은 탁자예요.
This (thing) is a table.
저것은 침대야 — 저것은 침대예요.
That (thing) is a bed.
그 사람은 남자야 — 그 사람은 남자예요.
That person is a man.
그것은 차야 — 그것은 차예요.
That (thing) is a car.
이것은 나무야 — 이것은 나무예요
This (thing) is a tree.
나는 펜이 있어 — 저는 펜이 있어요
I have a pen.
나는 차가 있어 — 저는 차가 있어요.
I have a car.
나는 잡지가 있어 — 저는 잡지가 있어요
I have a magazine.
나는 가방이 있어 — 저는 가방이 있어요.
I have a backpack.
나는 학교에 있어 — 저는 학교에 있어요
I am at school.
나는 캐나다에 있어 — 저는 캐나다에 있어요
I am in Canada.
나는 학교 앞에 있어 — 저는 학교 앞에 있어요
I am in-front of the school.
나는 학교 뒤에 있어 — 저는 학교 뒤에 있어요
I am behind the school.
나는 학교 옆에 있어 — 저는 학교 옆에 있어요
I am beside the school.
나는 은행 안에 있어 — 저는 은행 안에 있어요
I am inside the bank.
개는 집 안에 있어 — 개는 집 안에 있어요
The dog is in the house.
고양이는 의자 밑에 있어 — 고양이는 의자 밑에 있어요
The cat is under the chair.
식당은 은행 옆에 있어 — 식당은 은행 옆에 있어요
The restaurant is next to the bank.
호텔은 학교 옆에 있어 — 호텔은 학교 옆에 있어요
The hotel is next to the school.
고양이가 집 뒤에 있어 — 고양이가 집 뒤에 있어요
The cat is behind the house.
커피가 냉장고에 있다
The coffee is in the fridge.
[You might be wondering why “안” isn’t used if we are indicating that the coffee is in the fridge. In cases like this, where the location being described happens to be “inside” of something, “안” can be omitted.]
나는 케이크를 만들어 — 저는 케이크를 만들어요
I make a cake.
나는 배를 원해 — 저는 배를 원해요
I want a boat.
나는 한국어를 말해 — 저는 한국어를 말해요
I speak Korean.
나는 공원에 가 — 저는 공원에 가요
I go to the park.
(notice the particle 에)
나는 문을 닫아 — 저는 문을 닫아요
I close the door.
나는 창문을 열어 — 저는 창문을 열어요
I open the window.
나는 이해해 — 저는 이해해요
I understand.
나는 아름다워 — 저는 아름다워요
I am beautiful.
나는 작아 — 저는 작아요
I am small.
이 버스는 커 — 이 버스는 커요
This bus is big.
그 병원은 새로워 — 그 병원은 새로워요
That hospital is new.
이 공원은 매우 작아 — 이 공원은 매우 작아요
This park is very small.
그 사람은 뚱뚱해 — 그 사람은 뚱뚱해요
That person is fat.
저의 차
My car
그 사람의 차
That person’s car.
의사의 탁자
The doctor’s table.
선생님의 차
The teacher’s car.
저의 손가락
My finger.
선생님의 차는 커 — 선생님의 차는 커요
The teacher’s car is big.
나는 선생님의 차를 원해 — 저는 선생님의 차를 원해요
I want the teacher’s car.
나의 손가락은 길어 — 저의 손가락은 길어요
My finger is long.
그 여자의 눈은 아름다워 — 그 여자의 눈은 아름다워요
That woman’s eyes are beautiful.
나는 나의 친구를 만나
저는 저의 친구를 만나요
I meet my friend.
나는 친구를 만나
저는 친구를 만나요
I meet (my/a) friend.
이 음식은 좋아
이 음식은 좋아요
This food is good.
그 선생님은 좋아
그 선생님은 좋아요
That teacher is good.
이 학교는 좋아
이 학교는 좋아요
This school is good.
나는 이 음식을 좋아해
저는 이 음식을 좋아해요
I like this food.
나는 그 선생님을 좋아해
저는 그 선생님을 좋아해요
I like that teacher.
우리는 너를 좋아해
We like you.
선생님은 우리를 좋아해
선생님은 우리를 좋아해요
The teacher likes us.
우리 선생님은 남자야
우리 선생님은 남자예요
Our teacher is a man.
우리 집은 크다
Our house is big.
나는 비싼 음식을 먹어
저는 비싼 음식을 먹어요
I eat expensive food.
나는 비싼 음식을 좋아해
저는 비싼 음식을 좋아해요
I like expensive food.
비싼 음식은 맛있어
비싼 음식은 맛있어요
Expensive food is delicious.
나는 작은 집에 가
저는 작은 집에 가요
I go to the small house.
나는 큰 차를 원해
저는 큰 차를 원해요
I want a big car.
나는 잘생긴 남자를 만나
저는 잘생긴 남자를 만나요
I met a handsome man.
나는 많은 돈이 있어
저는 많은 돈이 있어요
I have a lot of money.
나는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나
저는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나요
I meet a fat student.
그 집은 작아
그 집은 작아요
That house is small.
행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어
행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어요
The happy girl is inside the small car.
그 남자는 재미있는 남자야
그 남자는 재미있는 남자예요
That man is a funny man.
나는 많은 음식을 먹어
저는 많은 음식을 먹어요
I eat a lot of food.
사람이 많아
사람이 많아요
There is a lot of people.
나도 한국어를 말해
저도 한국어를 말해요
I speak Korean as well (In addition to other people).
나는 한국어도 말해
저는 한국어도 말해요
I speak Korean as well (in addition to other languages).
나도 그것을 알아
저도 그것을 알아요
I know that, too.
나도 피곤해
저도 피곤해요
I am tired, too.
나의 딸도 행복해
저의 딸도 행복해요
My daughter is happy, too.
나는 친구를 만난다.
I meet a friend.
[Formal low respect - present]
나는 그것을 이해한다
I understand that.
[Formal low respect - present]
나는 한국어를 배운다
I learn Korean.
[Formal low respect - present]
나는 집에 간다
I go home.
[Formal low respect - present]
나는 박물관에 갔다
I went to the museum.
[Formal low respect - past]
삼촌은 가게에 왔다
(My) uncle came to the store.
[Formal low respect - past]
오빠는 영어를 배웠다
(My) older brother learned English.
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 공을 던졌다
I threw the ball.
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 길을 건넜다
I crossed the street.
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 친구를 만났다
I met friends.
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 한국어를 공부하였다
나는 한국어를 공부했다
[The last vowel in the stem is 하. So, we add 였다 to the stem. But, 하 and 여 can be merged to formed 해.]
I studied Korean (공부하 + 였다)
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 밥을 먹었다
I ate rice (먹 + 었다)
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 문을 닫았다
I closed the door (닫 + 았다)
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 창문을 열었다
I opened the window (열 + 었다)
[Formal low respect - past]
나는 먹겠다
I will eat.
[Formal low respect - future]
나는 가겠다
I will go.
[Formal low respect - future]
나는 배우겠다
I will learn.
[Formal low respect - future]
그 선생님은 아름답다
That teacher is beautiful.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - present]
[In order to conjugate an adjective into the present tense you don’t need to do anything.]
그 길은 길다
That street is long.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - present]
[In order to conjugate an adjective into the present tense you don’t need to do anything.]
나의 손은 크다
My hand is big.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - present]
[In order to conjugate an adjective into the present tense you don’t need to do anything.]
그 길은 길었다
That street was long.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - past]
그 음식은 맛있었다
That food was delicious.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - past]
그 선생님은 좋았다
That teacher was good.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - past]
그 식당이 오래되었다
That restaurant is old.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - past]
이것은 비쌌다
This was expensive. (비싸 + 았다)
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - past]
그 남자는 잘생겼다
That man was handsome (잘생기 + 었다)
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - past]
그 사람은 뚱뚱했다
That person was fat (뚱뚱하 + 였다)
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - past]
나는 행복하겠다
I will be happy.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - future]
그것은 맛있겠다
That thing will be delicious.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - future]
나는 배고프겠다
I will be hungry.
[Formal low respect (Adjective) - future]
나는 펜이 있다
I have a pen.
[있다 is an adjective when it is used to indicate that one “has” something.
Because this 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is.]
나는 차가 있다
I have a car.
[있다 is an adjective when it is used to indicate that one “has” something.
Because this 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is.]
나는 가방이 있다
I have a bag.
[있다 is an adjective when it is used to indicate that one “has” something.
Because this 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is.]
나는 은행 안에 있다
I am inside the bank.
[When 있다 is used to indicate that something/someone is “at/in” a location, it is also an adjective.
Because this 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is.]
개는 집 안에 있다
The dog is in the house.
[When 있다 is used to indicate that something/someone is “at/in” a location, it is also an adjective.
Because this 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is.]
나는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹어
I always eat food in the evening (먹 + 어)
[Informal low respect - presente]
나는 나의 선생님을 항상 봐
I always see my teacher (보 + 아)
[Informal low respect - presente]
나는 항상 아침에 운동해
I always exercise in the morning (운동하 + 여)
[Informal low respect - presente]
저는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹어요
I always eat food in the evening (먹 + 어요)
[Informal high respect - presente]
저는 저의 선생님을 항상 봐요
I always see my teacher (보 + 아요)
[Informal high respect - presente]
저는 항상 아침에 운동해요
I always exercise in the morning (운동하 + 여요)
[Informal high respect - presente]
저는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹습니다
I always eat food in the evening (먹 + 습니다)
[Formal high respect - present]
저는 저의 선생님을 항상 봅니다
I always see my teacher (보 + ㅂ니다)
[Formal high respect - present]
저는 항상 아침에 운동합니다
I always exercise in the morning (운동하 + ㅂ니다)
[Formal high respect - present]
나는 먹었어
I ate (먹 + 었어)
[Informal low respect - past]
나는 들어봤어
I listened (들어보 + 았어)
[Informal low respect - past]
나는 운동했어
I exercised (운동하 + 였어)
[Informal low respect - past]
저는 먹었어요
I ate (먹 + 었어요)
[Informal high respect - past]
저는 들어봤어요
I listened (들어보 + 았어요)
[Informal high respect - past]
저는 운동했어요
I exercised (운동하 + 였어요)
[Informal high respect - past]
저는 먹었습니다
I ate (먹 + 었습니다)
[Formal high respect - past]
저는 들어봤습니다
I listened (들어보 + 았습니다)
[Formal high respect - past]
저는 운동했습니다
I exercised (운동하 + 였습니다)
[Formal high respect - past]
나는 먹겠어
I will eat (먹 + 겠어)
[Informal low respect - future]
나는 배우겠어
I will learn (배우 + 겠어)
[Informal low respect - future]
저는 먹겠어요
I will eat (먹 + 겠어요)
[Informal high respect - future]
저는 배우겠어요
I will learn (배우 + 겠어요)
[Informal high respect - future]
저는 먹겠습니다
I will eat (먹 + 겠습니다)
[Formal high respect - future]
저는 배우겠습니다
I will learn (배우 + 겠습니다)
[Formal high respect - future]
나는 집을 지어
I build a house (짓 + 어 = 지어)
[If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅅ (for example: 짓다 = to build), the ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel.]
저는 집을 지었어요
I built a house (짓 + 었어요 = 지었어요)
[If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅅ (for example: 짓다 = to build), the ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel.]
집을 짓는다
To build a house.
[When conjugating to the plain form, for example, you only add “~는다” to a stem and thus ㅅ does not get removed. (ONLY VOGALS)]
저는 웃었어요
I laughed.I washed my hands
[웃다 (to laugh) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel)]
저는 저의 옷을 벗었어요
I took off my clothesI washed my hands
[벗다 (to take off clothes) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel)]
저는 저의 손을 씻었어요
I washed my hands
[씻다 (to wash) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel)]
저는 저의 손을 씻었어요
I washed my hands
[씻다 (to wash) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel)]
저는 걸어요
I walk (걷 + 어 = 걸어)
[If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㄷ (for example: 걷다 = to walk), the ㄷ gets changed to ㄹ when adding a vowel.]
저는 걸었어요
I walked (걷 + 었어요 = 걸었어요)
[If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㄷ (for example: 걷다 = to walk), the ㄷ gets changed to ㄹ when adding a vowel.]
돈을 받았어요
I received money
[받다 (to get/receive) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㄷ gets changed to ㄹ when adding a vowel)]
저는 저의 강아지를 묻었어요
I buried my dog
[묻다 = 묻어요 (to bury) — Common words that this does not apply to (the ㄷ gets changed to ㄹ when adding a vowel)]
저는 문을 닫았어요
I closed the door
[닫다 = 닫아요 (to close) — Common words that this does not apply to (the ㄷ gets changed to ㄹ when adding a vowel)]
그것은 쉬워
That is easy (쉽 + 어 = 쉬 + 우 + 어 = 쉬워)
[If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word.]
그것은 어려워요
That is difficult (어렵다 = to be difficult)
[If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word.]
그 여자는 귀여워요
That girl is cute (귀엽 + 어요 = 귀여 + 우 + 어요 = 귀여워요
[If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word.]
저는 저의 어머니를 도왔어요
I helped my mother (돕 + 았어요 = 도 + 오 + 았어요 = 도왔어요)
In the words “돕다” (to help) and “곱다” (an uncommon way to say “beautiful”) ㅂ changes to 오 instead of 우.
Note: The ㅂ in 돕다 and 곱다 changes to 오 only when ~아/어 (or any derivative like ~았/었다 or ~아/어요) is added. When adding any other vowel, ㅂ changes to 우. As of now, you haven’t learned when you would need to add a different vowel. For example, in future lessons you will learn about adding ~ㄹ/을 to verbs. When this gets added to 돕다, it changes to 도울. This isn’t immediately pressing to you now, but you should make a mental note of it.
저는 귀여운 여자를 좋아해요
I like cute girls (귀엽 + ㄴ = 귀여 + 우 + ㄴ = 귀여운)
[When placing an adjective (who’s stem ends in “ㅂ”) before a noun to describe it, you add ~ㄴ to the newly formed 우/오 syllable.]
저는 쉬운 일을 했어요
I did easy work (쉽 + ㄴ = 쉬 + 우 + ㄴ = 쉬운)
[When placing an adjective (who’s stem ends in “ㅂ”) before a noun to describe it, you add ~ㄴ to the newly formed 우/오 syllable.]
나는 부드러운 손이 있어
I have soft hands (부드럽 + ㄴ = 부드러 + 우 + ㄴ = 부드러운)
[When placing an adjective (who’s stem ends in “ㅂ”) before a noun to describe it, you add ~ㄴ to the newly formed 우/오 syllable.]
저는 추운 날씨를 좋아해요
I like cold weather (춥 + ㄴ = 추 + 우 + ㄴ = 추운)
[When placing an adjective (who’s stem ends in “ㅂ”) before a noun to describe it, you add ~ㄴ to the newly formed 우/오 syllable.]
그 여자는 아름다워요
That girl is beautiful (아름답 + 어요 = 아름다 + 우 + 어요 = 아름다워요)
Note that in most irregulars, the word changes differently if the last vowel in the stem is ㅗ OR ㅏ. However, in the ㅂ irregular, except for 돕다 and 곱다, all applicable words are changed by adding 우. Therefore, even in words where the last vowel in the stem is ㅏ (ex: 아름답다) or ㅗ (ex: 새롭다), 우 is added.
그 학교는 새로워요
That school is new (새롭 + 어요 = 새로 + 우 + 어요 = 새로워요)
Note that in most irregulars, the word changes differently if the last vowel in the stem is ㅗ OR ㅏ. However, in the ㅂ irregular, except for 돕다 and 곱다, all applicable words are changed by adding 우. Therefore, even in words where the last vowel in the stem is ㅏ (ex: 아름답다) or ㅗ (ex: 새롭다), 우 is added.
이 방은 좁아요
This room is narrow
[좁다 (narrow) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel)]
저는 공을 잡았어요
I caught the ball
[잡다 (to catch/grab) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel)]
이 방은 넓어요
This room is wide
[넓다 (wide) —- Common words that this does not apply to (the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel)]
저는 문을 잠갔어요
I locked the door
________________
If the final letter in a stem is ㅡ (for example: 잠그다 = to lock), when adding ~아/어, you can not determine whether you need to add ~어 or ~아 to the stem by looking at ㅡ. Instead, you must look at the vowel in the second last syllable. For example, in the word 잠그다, the second last syllable in the stem is 잠, and the vowel here is ㅏ. We use the same rules as above to determine whether 아 or 어 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.
When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.
잠그다 = to lock
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 잠. The vowel in this syllable is ㅏ, so ~아 needs to be added to the stem.
잠그 + 아
~아 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
잠그 + 아 = 잠가
예쁘다 = pretty
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 예. The vowel in this syllable is not ㅏ or ㅗ, so ~어 needs to be added to the stem.
예쁘 + 어
~어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
예쁘 + 어 = 예뻐
This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.
저는 바빠요
I am busy
________________
If the final letter in a stem is ㅡ (for example: 잠그다 = to lock), when adding ~아/어, you can not determine whether you need to add ~어 or ~아 to the stem by looking at ㅡ. Instead, you must look at the vowel in the second last syllable. For example, in the word 잠그다, the second last syllable in the stem is 잠, and the vowel here is ㅏ. We use the same rules as above to determine whether 아 or 어 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.
When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.
잠그다 = to lock
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 잠. The vowel in this syllable is ㅏ, so ~아 needs to be added to the stem.
잠그 + 아
~아 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
잠그 + 아 = 잠가
예쁘다 = pretty
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 예. The vowel in this syllable is not ㅏ or ㅗ, so ~어 needs to be added to the stem.
예쁘 + 어
~어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
예쁘 + 어 = 예뻐
This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.
그 여자는 예뻐요
That girl is pretty
________________
If the final letter in a stem is ㅡ (for example: 잠그다 = to lock), when adding ~아/어, you can not determine whether you need to add ~어 or ~아 to the stem by looking at ㅡ. Instead, you must look at the vowel in the second last syllable. For example, in the word 잠그다, the second last syllable in the stem is 잠, and the vowel here is ㅏ. We use the same rules as above to determine whether 아 or 어 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.
When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.
잠그다 = to lock
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 잠. The vowel in this syllable is ㅏ, so ~아 needs to be added to the stem.
잠그 + 아
~아 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
잠그 + 아 = 잠가
예쁘다 = pretty
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 예. The vowel in this syllable is not ㅏ or ㅗ, so ~어 needs to be added to the stem.
예쁘 + 어
~어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
예쁘 + 어 = 예뻐
This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.
저는 아주 슬퍼요
I am very sad
________________
If the final letter in a stem is ㅡ (for example: 잠그다 = to lock), when adding ~아/어, you can not determine whether you need to add ~어 or ~아 to the stem by looking at ㅡ. Instead, you must look at the vowel in the second last syllable. For example, in the word 잠그다, the second last syllable in the stem is 잠, and the vowel here is ㅏ. We use the same rules as above to determine whether 아 or 어 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.
When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.
잠그다 = to lock
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 잠. The vowel in this syllable is ㅏ, so ~아 needs to be added to the stem.
잠그 + 아
~아 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
잠그 + 아 = 잠가
예쁘다 = pretty
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, which is 예. The vowel in this syllable is not ㅏ or ㅗ, so ~어 needs to be added to the stem.
예쁘 + 어
~어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
예쁘 + 어 = 예뻐
This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.
그 집은 커요
That house is big
________________
For example, the stem of 크다 is just 크. In this case, we know that we need to use the ㅡ irregular, but there is no previous syllable to draw on to determine what should be added to the stem. In these cases, ~어 is added to the stem. For example:
크다 = to be big
This stem ends in ㅡ. If we were to add ~아/어, we need to look at the second last syllable, but there is none, so ~어 needs to be added to the stem.
크 + 어
~어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated:
크 + 어 = 커
저는 머리를 긁었어요
I scratched my head (긁 + 어요 = 긁어요)
__________________
The last vowel in the stem is ㅡ. However, the stem does not end in ㅡ and instead ends with a consonant. Therefore, 어 is added.
저는 쥐를 들었어요
I heard a mouse (듣 + 었다 = 들었다)
__________________
The last vowel in the stem is ㅡ. However, the stem does not end in ㅡ and instead ends with a consonant. Therefore, 어 is added.
듣 + 었어요 = 듣었어요
But wait! Don’t forget the ㄷ irregular.
그것은 달라요
That thing is different (다르 + 아요 = 다 + ㄹ + 라요 = 달라요)
_________________
If the final syllable in a stem is 르 (마르다), it is conjugated differently when adding ~아/어. This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어(or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant. Up until now, you haven’t learned about any of these other grammatical principles, that can start with anything other than ~아/어~, so don’t worry about this distinction too much.
When adding ~아/어 to these words, an additional ㄹ is created and placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant. The 르 also gets changed to either 러 or 라 (depending on if you are adding 어 or 아). This is done to both verbs and adjectives (the only exceptions are 따르다 = to follow/to pour; and 푸르다 = to be calming blue).
그 남자는 빨라요
That man is fast (빠르 + 아요 = 빠 + ㄹ + 라요 = 빨라요)
_________________
If the final syllable in a stem is 르 (마르다), it is conjugated differently when adding ~아/어. This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어(or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant. Up until now, you haven’t learned about any of these other grammatical principles, that can start with anything other than ~아/어~, so don’t worry about this distinction too much.
When adding ~아/어 to these words, an additional ㄹ is created and placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant. The 르 also gets changed to either 러 or 라 (depending on if you are adding 어 or 아). This is done to both verbs and adjectives (the only exceptions are 따르다 = to follow/to pour; and 푸르다 = to be calming blue).
저는 저의 누나를 불렀어요
I called my sister (부르 + 었어요 = 부 + ㄹ + 렀어요 = 불렀어요)
_________________
If the final syllable in a stem is 르 (마르다), it is conjugated differently when adding ~아/어. This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어(or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant. Up until now, you haven’t learned about any of these other grammatical principles, that can start with anything other than ~아/어~, so don’t worry about this distinction too much.
When adding ~아/어 to these words, an additional ㄹ is created and placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant. The 르 also gets changed to either 러 or 라 (depending on if you are adding 어 or 아). This is done to both verbs and adjectives (the only exceptions are 따르다 = to follow/to pour; and 푸르다 = to be calming blue).
저는 긴 거리를 건넜어요
I crossed the long street (길 + ㄴ = 긴)
________________
When adding ~ㄴ/은 to a stem which ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is removed and ㄴ is added to the stem.
저는 먼 병원에 갔어요
I went to a far away hospital (a hospital that is far away) (멀 + ㄴ = 먼)
________________
When adding ~ㄴ/은 to a stem which ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is removed and ㄴ is added to the stem.
저는 문을 엽니다 =
I open the door
____________
But when adding ~ㅂ니다 to the stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, you must remove ㄹ and add ~ㅂ directly to the stem.
저는 케이크를 만듭니다
I make a cake
____________
But when adding ~ㅂ니다 to the stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, you must remove ㄹ and add ~ㅂ directly to the stem.
그 병원은 멉니다
That hospital is far
____________
But when adding ~ㅂ니다 to the stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, you must remove ㄹ and add ~ㅂ directly to the stem.
그 여자의 머리카락은 깁니다
That girls hair is long
____________
But when adding ~ㅂ니다 to the stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, you must remove ㄹ and add ~ㅂ directly to the stem.
저는 병원을 지었어요
I built a hospital
____________
In the sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.
저는 병원에 갔어요
I went to the/a hospital
______________
In the sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.
저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요
I built a hospital beside the park
______________
Any word that indicates when something is taking place, needs to have the Korean particle 에 attached to it.
저는 화요일에 가겠어요
I will go on Tuesday
______________
Any word that indicates when something is taking place, needs to have the Korean particle 에 attached to it.
저는 저녁에 공부했어요
I studied in the evening
______________
Any word that indicates when something is taking place, needs to have the Korean particle 에 attached to it.
저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요
I built a hospital beside the park in the fall
______________
Any word that indicates when something is taking place, needs to have the Korean particle 에 attached to it.
여름에 저는 공부하겠어요
I will study in the summer
_____________
The best part about Korean adverbs is that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence.
The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence – because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb. They could even be placed at the beginning of a sentence.
저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요
I arrived in Korea today
__________
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday).
저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요
I went to the library yesterday
__________
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday).
저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요
I will study Korean tomorrow.
__________
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday).
저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요
I meet my friend often
__________
In addition to “when” and “where” adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English.
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.
저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요
I ate a lot of food (rice)
__________
In addition to “when” and “where” adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English.
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.
저는 집에 바로 갔어요
I went home immediately
__________
In addition to “when” and “where” adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English.
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.
저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요
I did my homework quickly
__________
In addition to “when” and “where” adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English.
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.
저는 조용하게 먹었어요
I ate quietly
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요
I crossed the street safely
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 행복하게 살았어요
I lived happily
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 행복하게 살았어요
I lived happily
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요
I ran really quickly
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 빨리 먹었어요
I ate fast
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 바로 떠났어요
I left immediately
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요
I often meet my friend on Thursday
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요
I eat too much sometimes
________________
- A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
- Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning.
- Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form.
그 여자는 안 예뻐요
That girl isn’t pretty
____________
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
- By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
- By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
저는 생선을 안 좋아해요
I don’t like fish
____________
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
- By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
- By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
저는 내일 학교에 안 가겠어요
I’m not going to school tomorrow
____________
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
- By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
- By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
그 여자는 예쁘지 않아요
That girl isn’t pretty
____________
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
- By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
- By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
저는 생선을 좋아하지 않아요
I don’t like fish
____________
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
- By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
- By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
저는 내일 학교에 가지 않겠어요
I’m not going to school tomorrow
____________
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
- By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
- By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
저는 공부를 안 했어요
I didn’t study
Instead of: 저는 안 공부했어요
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 실수를 안 했어요
I didn’t make (do) a mistake
Instead of: 저는 안 실수했어요
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 여행을 안 했어요
I didn’t travel
Instead of: 저는 안 여행했어요
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 공부하지 않았어요
I didn’t study
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 공부를 하지 않았어요
I didn’t study
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 실수하지 않았어요
I didn’t make a mistake
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 실수를 하지 않았어요
I didn’t make a mistake
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 여행하지 않았어요
I didn’t travel
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 여행을 하지 않았어요
I didn’t travel
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 안 행복해요
I am not happy
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 행복하지 않아요
I am not happy
__________
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the verb without separating it.
저는 선생님이 아니에요
I am not a teacher
____________
아니다 (to not be) is the opposite of the word 이다 (to be), but they are used a little bit differently. Remember that 이다 is always attached directly to a noun. For example:
나는 선생님이다 = I am a teacher
나는 대학생이다 = I am a university student
However, when using 아니다, the particle ~이/가 is attached to the noun, and 아니다 is used as a separate word:
나는 선생님이 아니다 = I am not a teacher
나는 대학생이 아니다 = I am not a university student
나는 너의 친구가 아니야
I am not your friend
____________
아니다 (to not be) is the opposite of the word 이다 (to be), but they are used a little bit differently. Remember that 이다 is always attached directly to a noun. For example:
나는 선생님이다 = I am a teacher
나는 대학생이다 = I am a university student
However, when using 아니다, the particle ~이/가 is attached to the noun, and 아니다 is used as a separate word:
나는 선생님이 아니다 = I am not a teacher
나는 대학생이 아니다 = I am not a university student
저는 대학생이 아니에요
I am not a University Student
____________
아니다 (to not be) is the opposite of the word 이다 (to be), but they are used a little bit differently. Remember that 이다 is always attached directly to a noun. For example:
나는 선생님이다 = I am a teacher
나는 대학생이다 = I am a university student
However, when using 아니다, the particle ~이/가 is attached to the noun, and 아니다 is used as a separate word:
나는 선생님이 아니다 = I am not a teacher
나는 대학생이 아니다 = I am not a university student
저는 돈이 없어요
I don’t have money
_____________
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다.
없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.”
저는 시간이 없어요
I don’t have time
_____________
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다.
없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.”
우리는 차가 없어요
We don’t have a car
_____________
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다.
없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.”
저의 친구는 지금 한국에 없어요
My friend is not in Korea now
_____________
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다.
없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.”
사람이 없었어요
There was no people
_____________
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다.
없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.”
저는 과일을 싫어해요
I dislike fruit
_____________
“싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). For example:
는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
저는 과일을 좋아해요 = I like fruit
Yyou learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
그 선생님은 좋다 = That teacher is good
이 학교는 좋다 = This school is good
The adjective form of 싫어하다 is 싫다.
However, contrary to what you probably expect, 싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used.
Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다). For example:
저는 과일이 싫어요 = I dislike fruit
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun.
Be careful to not make double negative sentences. Although technically grammatically correct, this one reads funny:
저는 과일을 싫어하지 않아요 = I don’t dislike fruit
저는 과일을 좋아해요
I like fruit
_____________
“싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). For example:
는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
저는 과일을 좋아해요 = I like fruit
Yyou learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
그 선생님은 좋다 = That teacher is good
이 학교는 좋다 = This school is good
The adjective form of 싫어하다 is 싫다.
However, contrary to what you probably expect, 싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used.
Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다). For example:
저는 과일이 싫어요 = I dislike fruit
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun.
Be careful to not make double negative sentences. Although technically grammatically correct, this one reads funny:
저는 과일을 싫어하지 않아요 = I don’t dislike fruit
그 선생님은 좋다
That teacher is good
_____________
“싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). For example:
는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
저는 과일을 좋아해요 = I like fruit
Yyou learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
그 선생님은 좋다 = That teacher is good
이 학교는 좋다 = This school is good
The adjective form of 싫어하다 is 싫다.
However, contrary to what you probably expect, 싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used.
Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다). For example:
저는 과일이 싫어요 = I dislike fruit
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun.
Be careful to not make double negative sentences. Although technically grammatically correct, this one reads funny:
저는 과일을 싫어하지 않아요 = I don’t dislike fruit
이 학교는 좋다
This school is good
_____________
“싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). For example:
는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
저는 과일을 좋아해요 = I like fruit
Yyou learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
그 선생님은 좋다 = That teacher is good
이 학교는 좋다 = This school is good
The adjective form of 싫어하다 is 싫다.
However, contrary to what you probably expect, 싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used.
Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다). For example:
저는 과일이 싫어요 = I dislike fruit
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun.
Be careful to not make double negative sentences. Although technically grammatically correct, this one reads funny:
저는 과일을 싫어하지 않아요 = I don’t dislike fruit
저는 과일이 싫어요
I dislike fruit
_____________
“싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). For example:
는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
저는 과일을 좋아해요 = I like fruit
Yyou learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
그 선생님은 좋다 = That teacher is good
이 학교는 좋다 = This school is good
The adjective form of 싫어하다 is 싫다.
However, contrary to what you probably expect, 싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used.
Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다). For example:
저는 과일이 싫어요 = I dislike fruit
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun.
Be careful to not make double negative sentences. Although technically grammatically correct, this one reads funny:
저는 과일을 싫어하지 않아요 = I don’t dislike fruit
사람 두 명
2 people
_________________
The words 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 change when adding a counter:
1 = 하나 -> 한
2 = 둘 -> 두
3 = 셋 -> 세
4 = 넷 -> 네
20 = 스물 -> 스무
Place a number, followed by a counter, after a noun to indicate how many of that thing there are.
사람 한 명
1 person
_________________
The words 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 change when adding a counter:
1 = 하나 -> 한
2 = 둘 -> 두
3 = 셋 -> 세
4 = 넷 -> 네
20 = 스물 -> 스무
Place a number, followed by a counter, after a noun to indicate how many of that thing there are.
펜 다섯 개
5 pens
_________________
The words 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 change when adding a counter:
1 = 하나 -> 한
2 = 둘 -> 두
3 = 셋 -> 세
4 = 넷 -> 네
20 = 스물 -> 스무
Place a number, followed by a counter, after a noun to indicate how many of that thing there are.
펜 마흔네 개
44 pens
_________________
The words 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 change when adding a counter:
1 = 하나 -> 한
2 = 둘 -> 두
3 = 셋 -> 세
4 = 넷 -> 네
20 = 스물 -> 스무
Place a number, followed by a counter, after a noun to indicate how many of that thing there are.
두 명의 사람
2 people
________________
It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that is being counted. However, the method shown immediately above is much more common. When placed before the noun, “~의” is added to the counter.
Pay more attention to the “사람 두 명” form instead of the “두 명의 사람” form.
한 명의 사람
1 person
________________
It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that is being counted. However, the method shown immediately above is much more common. When placed before the noun, “~의” is added to the counter.
Pay more attention to the “사람 두 명” form instead of the “두 명의 사람” form.
다섯 개의 펜
5 pens
________________
It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that is being counted. However, the method shown immediately above is much more common. When placed before the noun, “~의” is added to the counter.
Pay more attention to the “사람 두 명” form instead of the “두 명의 사람” form.
마흔네 개의 펜
44 pens
________________
It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that is being counted. However, the method shown immediately above is much more common. When placed before the noun, “~의” is added to the counter.
Pay more attention to the “사람 두 명” form instead of the “두 명의 사람” form.
나는 펜 네 개를 샀어
I bought four pens
_____________
These nouns that we have counted can now become the object of a sentence.
나는 햄버거 두 개를 먹었어
I ate two hamburgers
_____________
These nouns that we have counted can now become the object of a sentence.
나는 어제 친구 다섯 명을 만났어
I met five friends yesterday
_____________
These nouns that we have counted can now become the object of a sentence.
나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어
I bought four pens
————
Although the placement of the particles is important for your initial understanding of Korean grammar, eventually, you will become more comfortable with omitting particles altogether. Omitting particles is not something I recommend for a beginner because it is very important that you understand how to use them perfectly for more complex sentences. Nonetheless, most often in speech, particles in this situation are often omitted. For example, you might hear something like this:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
In this structure, it is also possible to put the particle on the noun instead of the counter, for example:
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
Try not to worry about this too much at this stage, as the following three sentences would sound perfect to Korean people:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어
나는 펜 네 개를 샀어
나는 두 개의 햄버거를 먹었어
I ate two hamburgers
————
Although the placement of the particles is important for your initial understanding of Korean grammar, eventually, you will become more comfortable with omitting particles altogether. Omitting particles is not something I recommend for a beginner because it is very important that you understand how to use them perfectly for more complex sentences. Nonetheless, most often in speech, particles in this situation are often omitted. For example, you might hear something like this:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
In this structure, it is also possible to put the particle on the noun instead of the counter, for example:
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
Try not to worry about this too much at this stage, as the following three sentences would sound perfect to Korean people:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어
나는 펜 네 개를 샀어
나는 어제 다섯 명의 친구를 만났어
I met five friends yesterday
————
Although the placement of the particles is important for your initial understanding of Korean grammar, eventually, you will become more comfortable with omitting particles altogether. Omitting particles is not something I recommend for a beginner because it is very important that you understand how to use them perfectly for more complex sentences. Nonetheless, most often in speech, particles in this situation are often omitted. For example, you might hear something like this:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
In this structure, it is also possible to put the particle on the noun instead of the counter, for example:
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
Try not to worry about this too much at this stage, as the following three sentences would sound perfect to Korean people:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어
나는 펜 네 개를 샀어
그 사람은 차 네 대가 있어요
That person has four cars
————
Here are some more examples of counters in use.
저는 우유 두 잔을 샀어요
I bought two glasses of milk
————
Here are some more examples of counters in use.
저는 땅콩 두 개를 먹었어요
I ate two peanuts
————
Here are some more examples of counters in use.
저는 어제 학교에 세 번 갔어요
I went to school three times yesterday
————
번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an adverb, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it.
저는 그 영화를 다섯 번 봤어요
I saw that movie five times
————
번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an adverb, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it.
저는 오늘 두 번 운동할 것입니다
I will exercise twice (two times) today
————
번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an adverb, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it.
저는 어제 고기를 두 번 먹었어요
I ate meat twice yesterday
————
번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an adverb, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it.
저는 오늘 축구를 네 번 할 거예요
I will play soccer four times today
————
번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an adverb, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it.
2시 30분
2:30
두 시 삼십 분
Two thirty
————
There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the next lesson. In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock.
When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put 시 after a number:
2시 = 2:00 (2 o’clock)
When talking about the minute, add 분 after the number:
2시 30분 = 2:30
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example:
2시 30분 = 2:30, or
두 시 삼십 분 = Two thirty
Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word.
To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases.
The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out:
두 시 should be written instead of 두시
삼십 분 should be written instead of 삼십분
However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example:
2시 30분
Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples:
3시 10분 = 3:10
세 시 십 분 = Three ten
12시 50분 = 12:50
열두 시 오십 분 = Twelve fifty
3시 10분
3:10
————
There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the next lesson. In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock.
When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put 시 after a number:
2시 = 2:00 (2 o’clock)
When talking about the minute, add 분 after the number:
2시 30분 = 2:30
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example:
2시 30분 = 2:30, or
두 시 삼십 분 = Two thirty
Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word.
To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases.
The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out:
두 시 should be written instead of 두시
삼십 분 should be written instead of 삼십분
However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example:
2시 30분
Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples:
3시 10분 = 3:10
세 시 십 분 = Three ten
12시 50분 = 12:50
열두 시 오십 분 = Twelve fifty
세 시 십 분
Three ten
————
There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the next lesson. In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock.
When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put 시 after a number:
2시 = 2:00 (2 o’clock)
When talking about the minute, add 분 after the number:
2시 30분 = 2:30
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example:
2시 30분 = 2:30, or
두 시 삼십 분 = Two thirty
Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word.
To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases.
The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out:
두 시 should be written instead of 두시
삼십 분 should be written instead of 삼십분
However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example:
2시 30분
Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples:
3시 10분 = 3:10
세 시 십 분 = Three ten
12시 50분 = 12:50
열두 시 오십 분 = Twelve fifty
12시 50분
12:50
————
There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the next lesson. In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock.
When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put 시 after a number:
2시 = 2:00 (2 o’clock)
When talking about the minute, add 분 after the number:
2시 30분 = 2:30
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example:
2시 30분 = 2:30, or
두 시 삼십 분 = Two thirty
Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word.
To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases.
The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out:
두 시 should be written instead of 두시
삼십 분 should be written instead of 삼십분
However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example:
2시 30분
Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples:
3시 10분 = 3:10
세 시 십 분 = Three ten
12시 50분 = 12:50
열두 시 오십 분 = Twelve fifty
열두 시 오십 분
Twelve fifty
————
There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the next lesson. In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock.
When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put 시 after a number:
2시 = 2:00 (2 o’clock)
When talking about the minute, add 분 after the number:
2시 30분 = 2:30
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example:
2시 30분 = 2:30, or
두 시 삼십 분 = Two thirty
Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word.
To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases.
The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out:
두 시 should be written instead of 두시
삼십 분 should be written instead of 삼십분
However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example:
2시 30분
Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples:
3시 10분 = 3:10
세 시 십 분 = Three ten
12시 50분 = 12:50
열두 시 오십 분 = Twelve fifty
나는 5시에 먹을 거야
I will eat at 5:00
_________________
These times can now go in a sentence as usual by adding 에 to indicate a time
나는 2시 30분에 왔어
I came at 2:30
_________________
These times can now go in a sentence as usual by adding 에 to indicate a time
우리는 야구를 1시에 할 거예요
We will play baseball at 1:00
_________________
These times can now go in a sentence as usual by adding 에 to indicate a time
우리는 7시 20분에 시작할 거예요
We will start at 7:20
_________________
These times can now go in a sentence as usual by adding 에 to indicate a time
저는 열 살이에요
I am ten years old
__________
When indicating how old a person is, you should use pure Korean numbers along with the word “살” which is a counter for ages.
It would sound weird to use the Sino-Korean numbers to indicate the age of somebody who is under thirty. However, after thirty, it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead of the pure Korean numbers. The older the age, the more likely you will hear the Sino-Korean number used instead of the pure Korean number. After 50, you are most likely to exclusively hear the Sino-Korean numbers.
저의 여자 친구는 스물여섯 살이에요
My girlfriend is twenty six years old
__________
When indicating how old a person is, you should use pure Korean numbers along with the word “살” which is a counter for ages.
It would sound weird to use the Sino-Korean numbers to indicate the age of somebody who is under thirty. However, after thirty, it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead of the pure Korean numbers. The older the age, the more likely you will hear the Sino-Korean number used instead of the pure Korean number. After 50, you are most likely to exclusively hear the Sino-Korean numbers.
저의 첫 번째 친구는 착했어요
My first friend was nice
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요
I didn’t like that first car
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요
That second teacher was smart
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요
I chose the second man
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
이 여권은 저의 세 번째 여권이에요
This passport is my third passport
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
저는 네 번째 사람이었어요
I was the fourth person
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
저는 세 번째 문을 열었어요
I opened the third door
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
이 아이는 저의 네 번째 아들이에요
This person is my fourth son
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다
This is my tenth class today
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
저는 백 번째 페이지를 읽었어요
I read the 100th page
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
우리 둘째 아들은 고등학생이에요
Our second son is a high school student
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
우리 셋째 아이는 야구를 좋아해요
Our third child likes baseball
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
이 아이는 우리 첫째 아들이에요
This (child) is our first son
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
첫째, 저는 야채를 많이 먹겠습니다
First, I will eat a lot of vegetables
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
둘째, 저는 매일 운동하겠습니다
Second, I will exercise everyday
__________
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째.
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children.
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…”
이것은 저의 마지막 수업이에요
This is my last class
_______________
마지막 is used to refer to the final (last) thing at the end of sequence… as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… final (last) meal.” It is not used to refer to a “previous” thing. Notice the difference between these two usages of “last night”:
Last night (the previous night) I went to the movies
The last night (the final night) of our trip was the best
The second example would be where you could use 마지막, because you are referring to the final (last) night of a sequence of nights on a trip. In the first example, you are talking about the previous night. I will introduce how you can refer to a “previous” thing in the next lesson where I introduce 지난.
저는 마지막 것을 안 봤어요
I didn’t see the last thing (I didn’t see that last one)
_______________
마지막 is used to refer to the final (last) thing at the end of sequence… as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… final (last) meal.” It is not used to refer to a “previous” thing. Notice the difference between these two usages of “last night”:
Last night (the previous night) I went to the movies
The last night (the final night) of our trip was the best
The second example would be where you could use 마지막, because you are referring to the final (last) night of a sequence of nights on a trip. In the first example, you are talking about the previous night. I will introduce how you can refer to a “previous” thing in the next lesson where I introduce 지난.
처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요
I didn’t like that girl at first
________
처음 is a very complex word that can be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to it’s complexity). The two most common situations are:
1) 처음에 … (at first/in the beginning)
처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that girl at first
저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 = At first I didn’t like PE class
2) Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened:
저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요 = I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다 = I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요
At first I didn’t like PE class
________
처음 is a very complex word that can be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to it’s complexity). The two most common situations are:
1) 처음에 … (at first/in the beginning)
처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that girl at first
저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 = At first I didn’t like PE class
2) Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened:
저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요 = I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다 = I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요
I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
________
처음 is a very complex word that can be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to it’s complexity). The two most common situations are:
1) 처음에 … (at first/in the beginning)
처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that girl at first
저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 = At first I didn’t like PE class
2) Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened:
저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요 = I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다 = I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다
I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
________
처음 is a very complex word that can be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to it’s complexity). The two most common situations are:
1) 처음에 … (at first/in the beginning)
처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that girl at first
저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 = At first I didn’t like PE class
2) Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened:
저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요 = I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다 = I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
