003 Flashcards
A function of the cell-mediated immune response not associated with humoral immunity is:
a. Defense against viral and bacterial infection
b. Initiation of rejection of foreign tissues and tumors
c. Defense against fungal and bacterial infection
d. Antibody production
b. Initiation of rejection of foreign tissues and tumors
The primary or central lymphoid organs in humans are the:
a. Bursa of Fabricius and thymus
b. Lymph nodes and thymus
c. Bone marrow and/or fetal liver and thymus
d. Lymph nodes and spleen
c. Bone marrow and/or fetal liver and thymus
All the following are a function of T cells except:
a. Mediation of delayed-hypersensitivity reactions
b. Mediation of cytolytic reactions
c. Regulation of the immune response
d. Synthesis of antibody
d. Synthesis of antibody
Match the type of lymphocyte with its function (use an answer only once).
4. ____ T cells
5. ____ B cells
6. ____ K-type lymphocytes
7. ____ Natural killer (NK) cells
a. Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction
b. Cellular immune response
c. Cytotoxic reaction
d. Humoral response
e. Phagocytosis
- ____ T cells b
- ____ B cells d
- ____ K-type lymphocytes a
- ____ Natural killer (NK) cells c
Match the surface membrane marker with the appropriate normal T cell type.
8. ____ CD4
9. ____ CD8
10. ____ CD3
a. All or most T lymphocytes
b. Helper-inducer T cells
c. Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells
- ____ CD4 b
- ____ CD8 c
- ____ CD3 a
All the following are B cell surface membrane markers except:
a. sIg
b. Fc receptor
c. C3 receptor
d. CD4
d. CD4
Match the following congenital or acquired disorders with the major type of lymphocyte affected.
12. ____ Thymic hypoplasia
13. ____ AIDS
14. ____ Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
15. ____ Systemic lupus erythematosus
16. ____ Multiple myeloma
17. ____ Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
a. Congenital T cell disorder
b. Congenital B cell disorder
c. Acquired T cell disorder
d. Acquired B cell disorder
- A
- C
- C
- C
- D
- B
Most diseases associated with a primary defect are _______________ disorders.
a. T cell
b. B cell
c. Complement
d. Phagocytic
b. B cell
Severe combined immunodeficiency is caused by:
a. T cell depletion
b. B cell depletion
c. Inappropriate development of stem cells
d. Phagocytic dysfunction
c. Inappropriate development of stem cells
DiGeorge’s syndrome is caused by:
a. Faulty embryogenesis
b. Deficiency of calcium in utero
c. Inappropriate stem cell development
d. Autosomal recessive disorder
a. Faulty embryogenesis
The major clinical manifestation of a B cell deficiency is:
a. Impaired phagocytosis
b. Diminished complement levels
c. Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections
d. Increased susceptibility to parasitic infections
c. Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections
Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia is a(n):
a. Acquired disorder
b. Autosomal genetic disorder
c. Sex-linked genetic disorder
d. Disorder occurring primarily in girls
c. Sex-linked genetic disorder
Which of the following disorders does not result in a secondary immunodeficiency?
a. Sickle cell disease
b. Uremia
c. AIDS
d. Poison ivy hypersensitivity
d. Poison ivy hypersensitivity
The secondary lymphoid tissues in mammals are:
a. Thymus and bursa of Fabricius
b. Lymph nodes
c. Spleen
d. Both b and c
d. Both b and c
In mammalian immunologic development, the precursors of lymphocytes arise from progenitor cells of the:
a. Yolk sac
b. Lymph nodes
c. Spleen
d. Both b and c
d. Both b and c
The thymus is embryologically derived from the:
a. Yolk sac
b. Pharyngeal pouches
c. Lymphoblasts
d. Bone marrow
b. Pharyngeal pouches
The process of aging causes the thymus to:
a. Decrease in size
b. Not to change over time
c. Lose cellularity
d. Both a and c
d. Both a and c
T lymphocytes can also be referred to as:
a. Mast cells
b. Memory cells
c. Phagocytic cells
d. Short-lived cel
b. Memory cells
Which of the following characteristics of T lymphocytes is false?
a. Can form a suppressor-cytotoxic subset
b. Can be helpers-inducers
c. Can be CD4+ or CD8+
d. Can synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin
d. Can synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin
Match each type of lymphocyte to the appropriate function.
31. ____ T lymphocytes
32. ____ B lymphocytes
a. Cellular immune response
b. Humoral antibody response
- A
- B
Match each to the appropriate function.
33. ____ Cytotoxic or effector T cells
34. ____ Helper or regulator T cells
35. ____ Suppressor T cells C
a. Secrete a variety of cytokines
b. Recognize antigens associated with MHC class I
c. Inhibit response of helper T cells
- B
- A
- C
Natural killer cells:
a. Produce interferon
b. Produce IL-2
c. Were previously called null cells
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Calculate the absolute lymphocyte count when the following conditions exist: Total leukocyte count = 20 × 109/L
Relative percentage of lymphocytes = 50%
a. 5 × 10^9/L
b. 10 × 10^9/L
c. 15 × 10^9/L
d. 20 × 10^9/L
b. 10 × 10^9/L
The complement system is:
a. A heat-labile series of plasma proteins
b. Composed of many proteinases
c. Composed of three interrelated pathways
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
All the following are complement-controlling proteins except:
a. C1 (INH)
b. Factor I
c. Factor H
d. C3
d. C3
The three complement activation pathways converge at the point of cleavage of complement component _____.
a. C3
b. C5
c. C7
d. C8
a. C3
All the following result from complement activation except:
a. Decreased cell susceptibility to phagocytosis
b. Blood vessel dilation and increased vascular permeability
c. Production of inflammatory mediators
d. Cytolysis or hemolysis
a. Decreased cell susceptibility to phagocytosis
Complete the following activation sequence of the classic complement pathway: C1 to C_(5)-C_ (6)- _-C3-C(7) ___-C6-C7- C(8) _-C9
BACD
a. 2
b. 4
c. 5
d. 8
4
2
5
8
Which complement component is present in the greatest quantity in plasma?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 8
b. 3
Arrange the three stages of the classic complement pathway in their correct sequence.
10. _____
11. _____
12. _____
a. Enzymatic activation
b. Membrane attack
c. Recognition
C
A
B
Fixation of the C1 complement component is related to each of the following factors except:
a. Molecular weight of the antibody
b. The presence of IgM antibody
c. The presence of most IgG subclasses
d. Spatial constraints
a. Molecular weight of the antibody
At which stage does the complement system reach its full amplitude?
a. C1q, C1r, C1s complex
b. C2
c. C3
d. C4
c. C3
Which of the following is not a component of the membrane attack complex?
a. C3b
b. C6
c. C7
d. C8
a. C3b
The final steps (C8 and C9) in complement activation lead to:
a. Cell lysis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Immune opsonin adherence
d. Virus neutralization
a. Cell lysis
Select the appropriate pathway response.
17. _____ Activated by antigen-antibody complexes
18. _____ Generates an active (C3b, Bb) C3 convertase
19. _____ Activated by microbial and mammalian cell surfaces
20. _____ Terminates in a membrane attack complex
a. Classic pathway
b. Alternative pathway
c. Both a and b
- A
- B
- B
- C
The alternate complement pathway is(can be):
a. Initiated by the formation of antigen-antibody reactions
b. Predominantly a non–antibody-initiated pathway
c. Activated by factors such as endotoxins
d. Both b and c
d. Both b and c
Which of the following conditions can be associated with hypercomplementemia?
a. Myocardial infarction
b. Systemic lupus erythematosus
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Subacute bacterial endocarditis
a. Myocardial infarction
Match the following complement deficiency states in humans with their respective deficient components. (Use an answer only once.)
23. _____ C2
24. _____ C5 dysfunction
25. _____ C6 and C7
26. _____ C8
a. Xeroderma pigmentosa
b. Leiner’s disease
c. Raynaud’s phenomenon
d. Recurrent pyogenic infections
- D
- B
- C
- A
A (the) nonspecific component(s) of the immune system is (are):
a. Complement
b. T cells
c. B cells
d. Both a and b
d. Both a and b
Match the following:
28. _____ Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
29. _____ Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
30. _____ Interleukin-3 (IL-3)
31. _____ Interleukin-5 (IL-5)
a. T cell growth factor
b. Lymphocyte-activating factor
c. B cell growth factor 2
d. Multicolony colony-stimulating factor
- B
- A
- D
- C
Match the following:
32. _____ Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
33. _____ Interleukin-7 (IL-7)
34. _____ Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
35. _____ Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
a. NK cell stimulatory factor
b. Stimulates neutrophils in chemotaxis
c. Induce acute phase response
d. Stimulates expansion of immature T and B cells
- C
- D
- B
- A
Match the following:
36. _____ Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
37. _____ Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
38. _____ Interleukin-3 (IL-3)
39. _____ Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
a. Enhances cytolytic activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK)
b. Potent mediator in acute-phase response
c. Stimulates hematopoietic cells
d. Enhances production of IgG and inhibits production of IgE by activated B cells
- B
- A
- C
- D
Match the following:
40. _____ Interleukin-5 (IL-5)
41. _____ Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
42. _____ Interleukin-7 (IL-7)
43. _____ Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
a. Induction of secretion of Ig
b. Activates the respiratory burst
c. Stimulates early B cell progenitor cells
d. Activates eosinophils
- D
- A
- C
- B
- _____ Interleukin-9 (IL-9)
- _____ Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
- _____ Interleukin-11 (IL-11)
- _____ Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
a. Inhibits cytokine synthesis
b. Increases the number of IgG-secreting B lymphocytes
c. Stimulates proliferation of T cells and mast cells
d. Enhances the activity of cytotoxic effector T cells
C
A
B
D
- _____ Interleukin-13 (IL-13)
- _____ Interleukin-14 (IL-14)
- _____ Interleukin-15 (IL-15)
- _____ Interleukin-16 (IL-16}
a. Inhibits activation of macrophages
b. Produced in response to viral infection
c. Acts as a T cell chemoattractant
d. Acts as a B cell growth factor
A
D
B
C
- _____ Interleukin-17 (IL-17)
- _____ Interleukin-18 (IL-18)
- _____ Interleukin-19 (IL-19)
- _____ Interleukin-20 (IL-20)
a. Acts as a synergist with IL-12
b. Suppresses activities of Th1 and Th2
c. Associated with skin inflammations
d. Induces granulopoiesis
D
A
B
C
- _____ Interleukin-21 (IL-21)
- _____ Interleukin-22 (IL_22)
- _____ Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
- _____ Interleukin-25 (IL-25)
a. Promotes increased production of T cells
b. Somewhat similar to IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ
c. A member of the IL-17 cytokine family
d. Shares some in vivo functions with IL-12
A
B
D
C
True or False
- _____ Cytokines secreted by lymphocytes are also called lymphokines.
- _____ Cytokines are polypeptide products of activated cells.
- _____ Cytokines are released only in response to specific antigens.
- _____ Most cytokines have multiple activities and act on numerous cell types.
T
T
F
T
- _____ Interleukins
- _____ Interferons
- _____ Tumor necrosis factor
- _____ Colony-stimulating factors
a. Unable to stimulate T cell proliferation
b. Act(s) between leukocytes
c. Discovered in virally infected cells
d. Provide(s) a link between the lymphoid hematopoietic system
B
C
A
D
Transforming growth factors:
a. Are products of virally transformed cells
b. Can be a potent inhibitor of IL-1–induced T cell proliferation in their beta form c. Are important in inflammation, tumor defense, and cell growth
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which activity is associated with interferon?
a. Enhances phagocytosis
b. Retards expression of specific genes
c. Promotes complement-mediated cytolysis
d. Interferes with viral replication
d. Interferes with viral replication
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) differs from IL-1 in that TNF is not able to:
a. Mediate an acute inflammatory reaction
b. Increase the expression of IL-2 receptors
c. Enhance the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes
d. Stimulate T cell proliferation
d. Stimulate T cell proliferation
- _____ Tumor necrosis factor
- _____ Colony-stimulating factors
- _____ Transforming growth factors
a. Stimulates hematopoietic growth factor
b. Encoding gene located in the HLA region between the HLA-DR and HLA-B loci
c. Induce phenotypic transformation in non-neoplastic cells
B
A
C
