0012 Civil Rights Movement (SMR 2.12)

Question 1

When did the Civil Rights Movement take place?

Answer 1

Late 1950’s - late 1970’s is what we think of but it has a long history since the end of the civil war with the end of reconstruction and removal of federal troops whose purpose in the South was to prevent state laws that were intolerant of African Americans. After troops are taken out, Southern States create laws that work around 13th, 14th and 15th amendments (Jim Crow Laws like the grandfather clause)

Question 2

What famous “Separate but Equal” supreme case greatly preceded the civil rights movement in 1896?

Answer 2

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Question 3

What inspired presidents during the 50’s and 60’s to start weaving civil rights into their agendas?

Answer 3

After WWII and the triumph of the Tuskegee Airmen, different presidents started to weave civil rights into their agendas (i.e. Truman with desegregating troops, and Eisenhower with Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka)

Question 4

What did the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka case do?

Answer 4

Mandated School Integration

Question 5

In December 1955, ____ was arrested for refusing to give up her seat, starting the _____.

Answer 5

Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott

Question 6

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 6

A boycott of the Montgomery bus system by MLK, received 99% support from those who took the bus system

Question 7

What was the name of the students who wished to attend a white integrated school in September 1957?

Answer 7

The Little Rock Nine

Question 8

What was the significance of The Little Rock Nine?

Answer 8

Federal troops had to accompany them; showed that the federal govt was standing on the side of civil rights

Question 9

What were the 1960 Sit In Movements?

Answer 9

both blacks and whites, many from the north, many educated, did a grassroots movement to physically protest against separate but equal, would go sit in restaurants, buses in the white section and refuse to move, spread throughout the country

Question 10

What were the 1961 Freedom Rides?

Answer 10

busloads of Black and White students are brought into the South to share with black men and women their right to vote, signed up people for voter registration and got them to the polls

Question 11

Did the Federal Govt support or disdain the Freedom Rides?

Answer 11

Robert Kennedy (JFK’s brother serving on on JFK’s cabinet) ordered protection of Freedom Riders; Interstate Commerce Commision banned segregation on interstate busses (i.e. greyhound busses)

Question 12

What year was JFK assassinated and who took over for him?

Answer 12

1963, Lynden B Johnson took over the presidency

Question 13

What is known as the most comprehensive civil rights legislation in US history?

Answer 13

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 14

What is the Civil Rights Act?

Answer 14

Signed by LBJ

Most comprehensive civil rights legislation in US history

Outlawed discrimination based on race, religion, or gender in employment or public facilities

Question 15

In 1964, the 24th Amendment was declared. What did this amendment do?

Answer 15

24th Amendment declares poll tax illegal: further extension of civil rights

Question 16

What was a poll tax?

Answer 16

Poll tax was an opportunity for white supremacist govt to eliminate blacks and undesirable group to vote by putting a poll tax on voting, often this wasn’t administered to whites

Question 17

What was the 24th Amendment?

Answer 17

declares poll tax is illegal

Question 18

What act occurs in 1965, a year after the 24th Amendment?

Answer 18

The Voting Rights Act that banned literacy tests

Question 19

Where did MLK give his famous “I have a dream” speech?

Answer 19

At the March on Washington in 1963

Question 20

What was the importance of MLK’s “I have a dream” speech?

Answer 20

claimed that the civil rights movement wasn’t just about rights but about equality, not just whether I can vote but whether I can live peacefully with my American brothers

Question 21

What were some of the main events that were turning points in the Civil Rights Movement between 1954 and 1965?

Answer 21

1954: Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
1955: Rosa Parks & Montgomery Bus Boycott
1957: Little Rock Nine
1960: Sit in Movement
1961: Freedom Rides
1963: March on Washington
1964: Civil Rights Act, 24th Amendment
1965: Voting Rights Act

Question 22

What influenced much of the public’s opinion about civil rights during the civil rights movement?

Answer 22

During civil rights movements, the sit ins and boycotts were able to gain public support because they highlighted the peaceful measures of the african americans and the not-so-peaceful responses of the police (i.e. using waterhoses at sit ins)

Question 23

What movements and groups rose up in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s?

Answer 23

Black Power, Black Pride, Malcolm X, Black Panthers: more militant versions fo the Civil Rights Movement

Question 24

What was the Black Power Movement?

Answer 24

A more militant movement that grew out of the civil rights movement. Has political goals and wants black people to have self-sufficient economy without white assistance, results in black businesses

Question 25

What was the Black Pride Movement?

Answer 25

A movement that grew out of a response to white racism that encouraged black people to embrace their culture and be proud of it.

Question 26

What was the “theme song” of the Black Pride Movement

Answer 26

“We’re a Winner” by The Impressions

Question 27

Who was Malcolm X?

Answer 27

human rights activist who had more militant measures than MLK, criticised Civil Rights Movement for being too peaceful

Question 28

Who was the most militant activist group during the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer 28

The Black Panthers

Question 29

Who were the Black Panthers?

Answer 29

Founded in Oakland, they wanted immediate implementation of social acceptance of blacks, wanted neighborhoods protected from police brutality, became icon of counter culture 1960’s, became focused on socialism, had militant and violent tactics against police, never gained mainstream support like MLK

Question 30

Who founded the Black Panthers?

Answer 30

founded in Oakland by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, who were part of NAACP student movements,

Question 31

Besides the Civil Rights Movements, what other social changes were occurring during the Cold War eras?

Answer 31

Womens Rights Movements and Immigration Rights

Question 32

How did the Civil Rights Movement inspire the Womens Rights Movements in the 60’s and 70’s?

Answer 32

as women participate in Civil Rights Movement they start to wonder where their social and political equality is.

Question 33

What piece of literature is published in 1963 that becomes a bible of the Womens Movement?

Answer 33

The Feminist Mystique by Betty Friedan

Question 34

What was the Feminist Mystique?

Answer 34

a bible of the womens movement that challenged assumptions about women’s place in society, and the idea that some women didn’t like that place in society

Question 35

What organization arose during the Women’s Rights Movement that led to the movement for equal pay and anti-discrimination in the workplace for women?

Answer 35

The National Organization for Women in 1966

Question 36

Why were companies discriminating against women in the 60’s and 70’s?

Answer 36

Many companies were discriminating against women because they thought that all women had the desire to marry and have children and leave the workforce, so men were the ones who got the promotions

Question 37

How did women’s access to contraceptive change women’s lives in the 70’s?

Answer 37

1974: Contraceptive could be sold to unmarried minors. Prior to this it was only available to married women and only bought by men

Gave in to new attitudes toward sexuality; women taking control of their sexuality and able to have sexual freedom while maintaining their careers

Question 38

New attitudes of sexuality during the 70’s led to what supreme court case?

Answer 38

Roe vs. Wade (1973):

Question 39

What was Roe vs. Wade?

Answer 39

Supreme court cases that legalized abortion
States cannot ban abortion during the first trimester therefore women are allowed to have abortion within first trimester

Many states passed laws restricting abortions after first three months

Question 40

Why is the Roe vs. Wade case controversial?

Answer 40

Still controversial as to when a fetus should be considered a human?

Question 41

What led to a loosening of immigration acts and an increase in immigration rights during the Cold War era?

Answer 41

as men are leaving for various wars during the Cold War, there is a need for unskilled labor which leads to loosened immigration acts

Question 42

What three things did the Immigration Act of 1965 do?

Answer 42

1. Phased out previously set national quotas of 1920s that discriminated against people from outside Western Europe
2. Set annual limits on immigration from Western Hemisphere and the rest of the world (rather than discriminatory)
3. Gave priority to reuniting families, certain skilled workers, and political refugees

Question 43

The Immigration Act of 1965 gave priority to certain people. What are some examples of those people? (3)

Answer 43

2. foreign women who married army men overseas
3. refugees escaping communist take over or cold war hotspots/civil war
4. Skilled workers who could help us in things like the Space Race

Question 44

What was the result of the Immigration Act of 1965?

Answer 44

From 1970 to 2000: foreign born population in the US grew from 10 million to 31 million
51% from Latin America -
27% from Asia - many from political refugees from cold war tensions

Largest surge in immigration since early 1900’s, an evolution in immigration and immigration rights