0007 The 1920s (SMR 2.7) Flashcards
What political shift occurred after WWI?
After WWI, there was a lot of anger with Democratic President, Woodrow Wilson for how he handled WWI and the Paris Conference. The majority of Americans wanted isolationism and didn’t want to be involved in world affairs. So when he left office, a republican administration took hold for 13 years
Who were the Republican presidents between 1920 & 1933
Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover
When the Republican party came into power in the 20’s, what did all the Republican presidents pursue?
pro-business policies
What contributed to the economy in the US booming after WWI?
Because of the pro-business policy of the Republican Administrations and the fact that the US wasn’t destroyed after WWI (like many Europeans)
What occurred because of the pro-business policies put forward by the Republican administrations after WWI? (3)
- Government regulatory agencies more often assisted business rather than regulated it
- Unions (in part from Red Scare and Palmer Raids) were suppressed by federal troops
- Supreme Court overturned labor laws
What led to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the 20’s?
- Ku Klux Klan rise up as Black communities and culture start to thrive (Harlem Renaissance) and as morality starts to be hindered
- Spreads in influence after the movie “Birth of a Nation” to more than 5 million members
- Widened its targets: blacks, Jews, immigrants, Catholics (predominantly a subset of immigrants)
What was the significance of the Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925?
The prosecutor in the case was William Jennings Bryant , and he died soon afterwards leading to a void in leadership and a rise in progressivism rather than tradition
What was the Scopes Monkey Trial?
Case about whether evolution or creation should be taught in school
What was the result of the Scopes Monkey Trial?
-Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in school and fined only $100 leading progressives to believe that it was a win and they could keep doing it but the traditional side saw it as a win because Scopes was found guilty, really it was a draw
The Scopes Monkey Trial was a question of _____ vs. ________.
Tradition vs. Progress
What does ACLU stand for?
American Civil Liberties Union
How did the ACLU come to be in the 20’s?
The ACLU started as the National Civil Liberties Bureau in 1917 to provide legal aid for conscientous objector of WWI.
After WWI, it formed the ACLU in response to the Palmer Raids in 1919 & 1920 where hundreds were detained and deported without trial
How did the NAACP come to be?
They were birthed in 1909/1910 by W.E.B Dubois and members of the Niagara Movement.
How did the 20’s influence the NAACP?
Leading up to the 1920’s the Ku Klux Klan rose to power because of the movie “Birth of a Nation”.
The NAACP called for a boycott of it and though unsuccesful, it helped raise public awareness of the group. This helped lead to their anti-lynching campaigns between 1915 and 1919, and their group grew to over 300 branches
What is the Anti-Defamation League?
A group that fights back against anti-semitism
What resulted in actions from the Anti-Defamation League in the 20’s?
During and after WWI, anti-semitism starts to rise especially with Ku Klux Klan & Henry Ford’s anti-semitic newspaper.
The ADL fights back against this and publishes informational packets including “The Poison Pen”
What was the 18th Amendment and when was it passed?
(1919): the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages was outlawed
The 18th Amendment was another name for ________.
The Volstead Act
What were the major factors that led to the passing of the 18th Amendment?
During WWI, there was a national income tax to help pay for the war effort which brings in a lot of revenue. After the war, the amount of money coming in is able to continue by congress and replaces industrial sales tax. The liquor movement no longer had industrial sales tax which means the sale of it was not really benefiting the society anymore. This paired with the morals developed in the Temperance movement lead to the 18th Amendment
What were the results of the 18th Amendment? (4)
- Speakeasies
- Organized crime and corruption
- A release of inhibitions for men and women
- Highlighted a dichotomy between the rich and the power
How did Prohibition impact immigrant populations?
In immigrant populations alcohol is a cultural part of everyday life (i.e. at meals, at church), and when this is taken away, they’re forced to assimilate to Puritan American values
How did Prohibition (18th Amendment) highlight a dichotomy between the rich and poor?
The rich were able to purchase alcohol and hoard it for use in their own home before the law went into place, and drinking it in their homes wasn’t illegal, it was the buying and selling of it
What were speakeasies?
discreet bars and gambling houses that rose up after 18th Amendment (Prohibition)
Who was a crime boss that made money during the prohibition?
Al Capone
Before prohibition, _____ were mostly the ones influenced by alcohol and going to pubs but with speakeasies, _____ were as well
men / women