0. Intro and Terminology Flashcards
What is anatomy?
Anatomy describes how organisms are constructed. The body’s parts.
What does the greek anatome mean?
Cut open, dissection
What is physiology?
Physiology explains how organisms function (normally).
Physis
Life
Logia
To study
What is Pathophysiology?
How the physiology changes during disease.
Pathos
to feel, suffer
Name the body’s six levels of structural organization
- chemical level
- cellular level
- tissue level
- organ level
- system level
- organism level
What is tissue and what are the 4 basic types?
Tissue: a group of cells that work together to create a function in the body.
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- nervous tissue
What are the 11 systems of the human body?
- integumentary system
- skeletal system
- muscular system
- nervous system
- endocrine system
- cardiovascular system
- lymphatic system and immunity
- respitratory system
- digestive system
- urinary system
- reproductive system
Epithelial tissue
Covering the body’s surfaces, both inside and outside. Consists of cells tightly packed in one or more layers that adhere to a basement membrane - little intercellular substance.
* Protects
* Secrete fluids, hormones, enzymes (glands)
* Selective barrier - controls which substances can pass
* Contains no blood vessels
* Epithelial tissue on the inside of blood vessels is usually called endothelium
Connective tissue
Consists of few cells - lots of intercellular substance.
4 types: connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone tissue
* Protects (cartilage, bone tissue)
* Support
* Binds other tissue types together
* Transport (fluid tissue)
* Energy reserve (adipose tissue)
3 types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal muscle tissue - is controlled by the will and builds up the muscles in, for example, arms and legs. Enables the movement of the body together with the skeleton
- Heart muscle tissue - found only in the heart. Not controlled by will
- Smooth muscle tissue - found in, for example, the walls of blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract and the trachea. Enables movement in the internal organs. Not controlled by will
Nervous tissue
Consists of:
1. Nerv cells - form and conduct nerv signals (electrical impulses).
2. Glial cells (neurologia) - protects and insulates the nerv cells.
Brain, spinal cord and nervs are made of nervous tissue.
What distinguish the living from the nonliving?
- metabolism
- responsiveness
- movement
- growth
- differentiation
- reproduction
