0. Intro and Terminology Flashcards
What is anatomy?
Anatomy describes how organisms are constructed. The body’s parts.
What does the greek anatome mean?
Cut open, dissection
What is physiology?
Physiology explains how organisms function (normally).
Physis
Life
Logia
To study
What is Pathophysiology?
How the physiology changes during disease.
Pathos
to feel, suffer
Name the body’s six levels of structural organization
- chemical level
- cellular level
- tissue level
- organ level
- system level
- organism level
What is tissue and what are the 4 basic types?
Tissue: a group of cells that work together to create a function in the body.
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- nervous tissue
What are the 11 systems of the human body?
- integumentary system
- skeletal system
- muscular system
- nervous system
- endocrine system
- cardiovascular system
- lymphatic system and immunity
- respitratory system
- digestive system
- urinary system
- reproductive system
Epithelial tissue
Covering the body’s surfaces, both inside and outside. Consists of cells tightly packed in one or more layers that adhere to a basement membrane - little intercellular substance.
* Protects
* Secrete fluids, hormones, enzymes (glands)
* Selective barrier - controls which substances can pass
* Contains no blood vessels
* Epithelial tissue on the inside of blood vessels is usually called endothelium
Connective tissue
Consists of few cells - lots of intercellular substance.
4 types: connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone tissue
* Protects (cartilage, bone tissue)
* Support
* Binds other tissue types together
* Transport (fluid tissue)
* Energy reserve (adipose tissue)
3 types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal muscle tissue
- Heart muscle tissue
- Smooth muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Consists of:
1. Nerv cells - form and conduct nerv signals (electrical impulses).
2. Glial cells (neurologia) - protects and insulates the nerv cells.
Brain, spinal cord and nervs are made of nervous tissue.
What distinguish the living from the nonliving?
- metabolism
- responsiveness
- movement
- growth
- differentiation
- reproduction
What is Homeostasis?
Equilibrium
Homeo
similar
stasis
standing still
What are the three components of a feedback system?
- receptor: monitor changes (ex body temp, blood pressure)
- control center: evaluates input from the receptor and generates output commands when needed (ex brian)
- effector: produces response/effect based on the output
What is negative feedback?
Reverses a change (can be an increase or a decrease)
What is positive feedback?
Reinforce or strengthen a change. The positive feedback system has to be interrupted by some mechanism.
Lateral
From midline
Superior
Towards head
Proximal
Close to where the structure attatches
Distal
Away from where the structure attatches
Inferior
Away from head or lower part
Anterior
Front side
Posterior
Back side
Cephalic
towards the head
Caudal
towards tail (4 legged animals)
Frontal plane
Divides front and back side
Sagittal plane
divides left and right
Midsagittal plane
Midsagittal plane (median plane) - passes through the midline of the body and divides the body into equal right and left
sides
Transverse plane
Horizontal plane
