0: Defining Crusades Flashcards
The generalists believe any attempt to define a Crusade is…
Limiting
Generalists define a Crusade as…
Any Christian religious war fought for God
Popularists believe the essence of crusading lay in a…
Prophetic, eschatological, collective exaltation arising in the peasantry and the urban proletariat
Most popularists are…
Marxist historians
Pluralists define a Crusade as…
Fought by people who had taken crusade vows and enjoyed crusade privileges
Pluralists believe anything preached as a crusade was as authentic as…
Those to or in aid of Jerusalem
Traditionalists define crusades as…
Only the expeditions launched for the recovery of or in defence of Jerusalem
Sentient empathists are…
Scholars interested in the motivation, thoughts, and feeling of crusaders
An array of terms were used in medieval writing to describe a crusade. These included…
Pilgrimage, holy war, passage, expedition, and the business of Jesus Christ
Jonathan Riley-Smith implies crusades are defined by…
Indulgences, in terms of the Papal Curia
Jonathan Riley-Smith does not agree with the crusades as defined by…
Traditionalists. He says medieval man had a broader view than their definition.
Joseph R. Strayer defines crusades in the…
Generalist or pluralist sense
Joseph R. Strayer says every crusade is political but…
There is an obvious difference between religious and political crusades
Joseph R. Strayer defines political crusades as…
Doubly political and having no direct connection with the spiritual objectives of the church
J.M. Roberts says the crusading movement was a response to…
The establishment of Seljuk power
