藥物治療 Flashcards

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1
Q

血鈉
範圍
高低症狀

A

134-145mEq/L

低:水腫、抽筋、癲癇、厭食、躁動

高:口渴、昏睡、癲癇、易怒

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2
Q

血鉀
範圍
高低
成因

A

3.5~5.0mEq/L或mole/L

低:神經肌肉痙攣、虛弱、心血管傳導改

高:神經肌肉無力、心血管傳導改變

低:嘔吐腹瀉,燒傷
藥物誘導:利尿劑、類固醇、cisplatin、Ticarcillin

高:腎功能不全
鉀離子:酸中毒離開細胞,鹼中毒進入細胞

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3
Q

血氯
範圍
高低成因

A

95~105mEq/L

低:代謝性鹼中毒、嘔吐、胃部抽吸

高:脫水、換氣過度、腹瀉

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4
Q

滲透壓
範圍
成因

A

278~298moms/kg

上升:高血鈉、高血糖、脫水、酒精攝取

下降:低血鈉、利尿劑、Addison’s disease
SIADH(抗利尿激素分泌失調綜合症)

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5
Q

血鈣
範圍
成因

A

8.8~10.4mg/dL

低:高血磷、低血鎂、鈣質攝取不足
       furosemide
高:副甲狀腺機能亢進、惡性腫瘤
Hodgkin’s disease(何杰金氏淋巴瘤)
白血病
多發性骨髓瘤
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6
Q

血鎂
範圍
症狀
成因

A

1.7~2.3mg/dL

低:可能引發心室性心律不整
低血鉀症、低血鈣症
高:心臟和神經肌肉功能降低

低:腹瀉、吸收不良
藥物:Cisplatin
高:腎功能不全,攝取過多鎂(制酸劑)

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7
Q
Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)
血中尿素氮
範圍
高低症狀
BUN/Scr比值
A

8~18mg/dL

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