常見字 Flashcards

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1
Q

agonist

A

促效劑

藥物分子

使受體活化

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2
Q

antagonist

A

拮抗劑/抑制劑

藥物分子

不改變受體活性,而是佔據受體,使其它內生性的物質無法與受體結合

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3
Q

COPD

A

慢性肺阻塞

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4
Q

Kd值

EC50

A

Kd值越小,代表藥物與受體結合律越強

Kd:藥物與50%受體結合所需要的劑量

單位:nmol/L

EC50小代表藥物活性很強
EC50:達到最大反應程度的一半
所需要的藥物濃度

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5
Q

SAR

A

Structure-Activity Relationships

結構與活性的關係

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6
Q

Pharmacokinetics

ADME

A

Absorption 吸收
Distribution 分佈
Metabolism 代謝
Excretion 排泄

Metabolism=Biotransformation 生物轉換

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7
Q

MEC

MTC

A

MEC
minimum effective concentration
藥物產生預期效果之最低濃度

MTC
minimal toxic concentration
最低中毒濃度

介於MEC & MTC是有效治療濃度
Therapeutic range

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8
Q

Pharmacological effect

Therapeutic effect

Side effect

Duration of drug action

A

Pharmacological effect 藥理作用
EX:吃降血壓藥》血管擴張

Therapeutic effect 療效
EX:吃降血壓藥》血壓下降

Side effect 副作用

Duration of drug action 藥物作用時間

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9
Q

能產生藥效的兩大條件

A

active form

free form
(未和血漿蛋白結合)
(才可以離開血管到藥效部位)

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10
Q

Inert binding

A

分子與藥物做結合
但不會影響藥物的活性

Ex: Albumin 與 Warfarin 結合
Warfarin的活性不會改變
Albumin 只協助其在血液中運輸

Albumin 運送酸性與中性藥物
AAG 運送鹼性藥物
alfa1 acid glycoproteins

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11
Q

ABC family

SLC family

MRP

A

ABC family
ATP-bonding cassette
排出外來物質 Ex:藥物
使藥物排出降低藥效

SLC family
solute carrier
利用離子梯度來運送物質
Ex: 幫助神經末梢,攝取神經傳遞物

MRP
Multidrug resistance-associated protein
調控多重抗藥性相關蛋白

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12
Q

ADR

A

Adverse Drug Reactions
藥物不良反應

side effect 副作用
toxic reaction 毒性反應
allergic reaction 過敏反應
after effect 後遺效應
secondary effect 繼發效應
idiosyncrasy reaction 特異體質
=metareactivity
(病人對藥物產生非典型反應)
carcinogenesis 致癌
teratogenesis 致畸
mutagenesis 致突變
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13
Q

dose

A

dose:劑量

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14
Q

Efficacy

Potency

A

效力
Effect:藥物所能產生的最大反應程度
(又叫Emax,重點是結果)

效價
Potency:產生效果所需的藥量

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15
Q

Spare receptor

A

儲備受器

指尚未結合藥物的受器

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