二、清熱藥 Flashcards

1
Q

清熱藥的主要功效

A

清解裡熱,治療裡熱症

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2
Q

氣血兩燔時最宜

A

氣血兩清

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3
Q

石膏功效

A

清熱瀉火(清氣分熱+清肺胃實熱)
,除煩止渴。
煅石膏:收濕,生肌,斂瘡,止血

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4
Q

寒水石功效

A

清熱瀉火,除煩止渴,利尿,消腫

-清心熱以除煩,瀉胃火以止渴

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5
Q

石膏與寒水石的共同功效

A

清熱瀉火,除煩止渴

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6
Q

知母性味

A

苦、甘、寒

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7
Q

知母功效

A

清熱瀉火,滋陰潤燥

  • 甘寒生津止渴
  • 入肺經:清肺熱,潤肺燥
  • 滋陰潤燥,生津止渴,入胃腎經:陰虛內熱津傷口渴/消渴引飲
  • 入腎經,善滋腎陰,退蒸除熱
  • 甘寒滋陰,潤燥通便
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8
Q

石膏與知母共同性味

A

甘寒

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9
Q

蘆根主治證

A
  1. 熱病煩渴
  2. 胃熱嘔噦(胃熱氣逆,乾噦嘔吐)
  3. 肺熱咳嗽,肺癰(黃痰/膿痰)
  4. 熱淋澀痛
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10
Q

性味甘微苦微寒,生津力優的藥物

A

天花粉

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11
Q

天花粉功效

A

清熱瀉火,生津止渴,消腫排膿

  • 清瀉肺胃實火,滋陰清熱潤燥止渴
  • 潤肺燥
  • 瀉火解毒,長於消腫排膿以療瘡
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12
Q

心移熱於小腸之小便短赤澀痛,最宜用

A

淡竹葉

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13
Q

淡竹葉

A

清熱瀉火,除煩止渴,利尿通淋

  • 長於清心火以除煩,又能泄胃火以止渴
  • 上清心火,下利小便,善導邪熱從小便而出(清心利尿)
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14
Q

苦參功效

A
清熱燥濕,殺蟲,利尿
-善清下焦濕熱
-燥濕殺蟲止癢之功
-善清膀胱濕熱而利小便
X清熱瀉火
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15
Q

梔子功效

A

瀉火除煩,清熱利濕,涼血解毒;
外用消腫止痛。
焦梔子:涼血止血

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16
Q

梔子主治證

A
  1. 熱病心煩
  2. 濕熱黃疸
  3. 淋證澀痛
  4. 血熱出血
  5. 火毒瘡瘍,目赤腫痛
  6. 扭挫傷痛
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17
Q

谷精草、密蒙花、青葙子、蟬蜕共同功效

A

明目退翳

x決明子

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18
Q

決明子功效

A

清熱明目,潤腸通便

  • 清瀉肝火,兼益肝陰,虛實目疾皆用
  • 入肝經,有清肝火,平肝陽之功
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19
Q

龍膽功效

A

清熱燥濕,瀉肝膽火

  • 清肝膽濕熱和下焦濕熱見長
  • 善清肝膽實火
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20
Q

龍膽主治證

A
  1. 濕熱黃疸,陰腫陰癢,帶下,濕疹瘙癢
  2. 肝火頭痛,肝熱目赤,耳鳴耳聾,脇痛
  3. 驚風抽搐
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21
Q

性味甘微苦微寒,生津力優的藥物

A

天花粉

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22
Q

既能清熱燥濕,又能收斂止瀉,止血的藥物

A

樁皮

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23
Q

淡竹葉

A

清熱瀉火,除煩止渴,利尿通淋

  • 長於清心火以除煩,又能泄胃火以止渴
  • 上清心火,下利小便,善導邪熱從小便而出(清心利尿)
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24
Q

苦參功效

A
清熱燥濕,殺蟲,利尿
-善清下焦濕熱
-燥濕殺蟲止癢之功
-善清膀胱濕熱而利小便
X清熱瀉火
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25
Q

梔子功效

A

瀉火除煩,清熱利濕,涼血解毒;
外用消腫止痛。
焦梔子:涼血止血

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26
Q

梔子主治證

A
  1. 熱病心煩
  2. 濕熱黃疸
  3. 淋證澀痛
  4. 血熱出血
  5. 火毒瘡瘍,目赤腫痛
  6. 扭挫傷痛
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27
Q

谷精草、密蒙花、青葙子、蟬蜕共同功效

A

明目退翳

x決明子

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28
Q

決明子功效

A

清熱明目,潤腸通便

  • 清瀉肝火,兼益肝陰,虛實目疾皆用
  • 入肝經,有清肝火,平肝陽之功
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29
Q

龍膽功效

A

清熱燥濕,瀉肝膽火

  • 清肝膽濕熱和下焦濕熱見長
  • 善清肝膽實火
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30
Q

龍膽主治證

A
  1. 濕熱黃疸,陰腫陰癢,帶下,濕疹瘙癢
  2. 肝火頭痛,肝熱目赤,耳鳴耳聾,脇痛
  3. 驚風抽搐
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31
Q

苦參主治證

A
  1. 濕熱瀉痢,便血,黃疸,陰腫陰癢,帶下
  2. 濕疹濕瘡,皮膚瘙癢,疥癬麻風
  3. 淋證澀痛,小便不利
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32
Q

既能清熱燥濕,又能收斂止瀉,止血的藥物

A

樁皮

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33
Q

金銀花功效

A

清熱解毒,疏散風熱

  • 蒸餾:清解暑熱
  • 炒炭:解毒涼血止痢
  • 溫熱病衛分要藥
34
Q

金銀花主治證

A
  1. 瘡癰疔癤(可廣泛用治各種熱毒之證)
  2. 風熱表證,溫熱病各期
  3. 咽喉疼痛
  4. 熱毒痢疾(便下膿血)
35
Q

連翹功效

A

清熱解毒,消腫散結,疏散風熱

「瘡家聖藥」

36
Q

善治乳癰的藥物

A

蒲公英

37
Q

既能清熱解毒,又能燥濕消腫的藥物

A

穿心蓮

38
Q

穿心蓮功效

A

瀉火解毒,清熱燥濕,涼血,消腫

39
Q

大青葉主治證

A
  1. 瘡癰,丹毒,口瘡,咽痛

2. 風熱表證,溫熱病

40
Q

大青葉功效

A

清熱解毒,涼血消斑

41
Q

青黛功效

A

清熱解毒,涼血消斑,瀉(肝)火定驚

42
Q

既能利咽,又能祛痰的藥物

A

射干

43
Q

射干功效

A

清熱解毒,消痰,利咽

44
Q

板藍根、射干、馬勃、山豆根的共同功效

A

利咽喉

45
Q

咳嗽、氣喘、痰黃,咽喉腫痛最宜用

A

射干

46
Q

既能清熱解毒,又能利水消腫的藥物是

A

半邊蓮

47
Q

半邊蓮功效

A

清熱解毒,利尿消腫

-長於解蛇毒

48
Q

蚤休功效

A

清熱解毒,消腫止痛,息風定驚(化瘀止血)

49
Q

白花蛇舌草的主治證

A
  1. 瘡瘍腫毒,咽喉腫痛,毒蛇咬傷

2. 濕熱淋證

50
Q

熊膽主治證

A
  1. 驚癇抽搐
  2. 肝熱目赤
  3. 熱毒瘡癰,痔瘡腫痛
51
Q

綠豆功效

A

清熱解毒,消暑利尿

52
Q

生地黃和玄参的共同功效

A

清熱涼血,養陰

53
Q

玄參主治證

A
  1. 熱入營血,溫毒發斑
  2. 熱病傷陰,津傷便秘,骨蒸勞嗽
  3. 目赤咽痛,瘰癧,白喉,癰腫瘡毒
54
Q

玄参功效

A

清熱涼血,滋陰降火,解毒散結

  • 入血分而通血瘀
  • 清熱生津、滋陰降火
  • 瀉火解毒,軟堅散結
55
Q

善清透陰分伏熱,善治無汗骨蒸的藥物

A

牡丹皮

56
Q

牡丹皮功效

A

清熱涼血(、止血),活血化瘀

  • 辛寒而入陰分,清透陰分伏熱,為治無汗骨蒸之佳品
  • 止痛、腸癰
57
Q

赤芍主治證

A
  1. 熱入營血,溫毒發斑,吐血衄血
  2. 經閉痛經,癥瘕腹痛,跌打損傷,癰腫瘡瘍
    (3. 肝火上攻,目赤腫痛/目生翳障)
58
Q

赤芍功效

A

清熱涼血,散瘀止痛

  • 善清泄血分熱邪
  • 主入肝經,善走血分,能活血散瘀止痛
  • 清肝瀉火
59
Q

功能涼血,活血,用於腸癰的藥物

A

牡丹皮

60
Q

功能活血涼血,又善透疹的藥物

A

紫草

61
Q

紫草功效

A

清熱涼血,活血解毒,透疹消斑

  1. 血熱毒盛,斑疹紫黑,麻疹不透
  2. 瘡瘍,濕疹,水火燙傷
62
Q

性味咸寒,既能清熱涼血,又能解毒的藥物

A

玄參

63
Q

既能涼血退蒸,又善清肺降火的藥物

A

地骨皮

64
Q

地骨皮功效

A

涼血除蒸,清肺降火

  • 兼泄熱而生津止渴,可治內熱消渴
  • 清虛熱、除骨蒸,為涼血退熱除蒸之佳品
  • 入肺經,能清泄肺熱,治肺火鬱結
65
Q

青蒿功效

A

清虛熱,除骨蒸,解暑熱,截瘧(退黃)

66
Q

2石膏与知母

A

共性:石膏与知母性味甘寒,均有清热泻火,除烦止渴之功,两者善清泄肺胃火;用于气分实热证,见壮热、烦渴、汗出、脉洪大等,常相须为用,如白虎汤,亦用于肺热咳喘等证。

  石膏:味兼辛,寒凉性大于知母。清热泻火之功强于知母,性味辛寒善透解肌热,为清肺胃实热的要药,亦可用于阳明胃火牙痛、头痛,气血两燔而发斑疹。兼收敛生肌(煅后),用于疮疡久溃不收口,湿疹,水火烫伤等。
  知母:味兼苦。质润而滋阴润燥,用于阴虚燥咳,骨蒸潮热盗汗,消渴及肠燥便秘。

67
Q

三黄

A

共性:黄芩、黄连与黄柏性味苦寒,均有清热燥湿,泻火解毒的功效。用于肝胆湿热之黄疸;胃肠湿热之泻痢;气分实热证及热毒痈疮等。
 
 黄芩:在三药中,苦寒性最小。善清中上焦湿热,亦用于暑温,湿温及湿热中阻等证。善泻肺火,用于肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛;兼解少阳热,用于邪在少阳之寒热往来。并能凉血止血,用于血热吐衄。兼除热安胎,用于胎热不安。
  黄连:苦寒性最大。清热燥湿之力胜于黄芩,尤长于清中焦湿热,为治湿热泻痢之要药。清热泻火之力最强,善于泻心胃之火,用于热陷心包之高热,神昏谵语;水亏火炎之心烦不眠;心火盛,迫血妄行之吐血衄血;胃火炽盛之呕吐及中消证。并善解疔毒,用于痈肿疔毒等。
黄柏:善清下焦湿热,用于湿热带下,淋浊及下肢肿痛等。长于泻肾火,退热除蒸,用于阴虚发热,盗汗,遗精等.

68
Q

生地黄与玄参

A

共性:生地黄与玄参性味甘苦寒,均有清热凉血,养阴的功效。用于温热病热入营血及热病伤阴津口渴等证。
  
-生地黄:以甘味为主,养阴之功胜于玄参,并生津,常用于热病后期之夜热早凉及消渴证;兼有凉血止血之功,用于血热之吐衄;此外用于肠燥便秘证。
-玄参:兼咸味。并有解毒散结之功,常用于热毒或阴虚火旺之咽喉肿痛;瘰疬痰核;痈疮肿毒。

69
Q

長於清肺胃熱的藥物

A

石膏、知母、蘆根、天花粉

70
Q

有清肝明目之功的藥物

A

桑葉、菊花、決明子、夏枯草、青葙子、秦皮、千里光、熊膽、穀精草、密蒙花

71
Q

有清熱除煩之功的藥物

A

竹葉、淡竹葉、梔子、石膏

72
Q

金銀花與連翹共同功效

A

清熱解毒、疏散風熱

73
Q

秦皮功效

A

清熱燥濕,收澀止痢,止帶,清肝明目、(與黃連合用:解毒)

74
Q

有清熱燥濕之功的藥物

A

黃芩、黃連、黃柏、龍膽、苦參、白鮮皮、椿皮

75
Q

金銀花與連翹均可用於

A
  1. 外感風熱
  2. 溫病初起
  3. 溫熱病,熱入營血證
  4. 濕熱瀉痢
76
Q

蒲公英與紫花地丁共同功效

A

清熱解毒,消癰散結

77
Q

貫眾功效

A

清熱解毒,涼血止血,殺蟲

78
Q

有利咽喉之功的藥物有

A

板藍根、射干、山豆根、馬勃、木蝴蝶、牛蒡子

79
Q

既能清熱解毒,又能消癰散結的藥物

A

連翹、蒲公英、紫花地丁、山慈菇、漏蘆、白花蛇舌草、白蘞

80
Q

既能清熱解毒,又能涼血止痢的藥物

A

白頭翁、馬齒莧、拳參

81
Q

有清退虛熱之功的藥物

A

青蒿、地骨皮、白薇、銀柴胡、胡黃連

82
Q

用治骨蒸潮熱,盜汗的藥物

A

知母、黃柏、青蒿、地骨皮、白薇、銀柴胡