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Radiographic Procedures 2 > Zygomatic Arches, Mandible, TMJs > Flashcards

Zygomatic Arches, Mandible, TMJs Flashcards

1
Q

Why must we use a short SID for the SMV of the zygomatic arch?

A

To allow divergence of the beam to superimpose the narrower mandible with the wider skull

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2
Q

How far back does the Zygomatic arch go?

A

Zygomatic arch goes to about the EAM

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3
Q

What makes up the zygomatic arch?

A

Temporal process of the zygoma, and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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4
Q

What effect would tilting the bucky have on the SMV projection of the zygomatic arches?

A

It would elongate the image

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5
Q

What projection is being shown of the zygoma?

A

The SMV

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6
Q

What should be seen in an SMV for the zygomatic arches?

A
  1. Zygomatic arches free from overlying structures
  2. Symmetric and without foreshortening
  3. No rotation or tilt of head
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7
Q

Which way is the mandible tilted?

A

Mandible tilted to the right

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8
Q

How much does the mandible need to be tilted and rotated for an oblique axial tangential position?

A

15 degrees

Test answer

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9
Q

What projection is this and what is it demonstrating?

A

Oblique axial tangential position demonstrating the left zygomatic arch

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10
Q

What positioning techniques would correct this image?

A

-Mandible tilted more towards the left
-Neck more extended

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11
Q

Which way should the nose be positioned to correct this image?

A

Nose rotated to the right

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12
Q

What should be seen on an AP axial modified towne method for the zygomatic arches?

A
  1. Symmetric projection of both zygomatic arches
  2. No overlap by mandible
  3. Zygomatic Arches are projected lateral to mandibular rami
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13
Q

What projection is being shown here?

A

AP axial modified towne method for the zygomatic arches

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14
Q

What is circled in green?

A

Lateral superior border of the orbits

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15
Q

Is a single mandibular fracture possible?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Where is the mandible ussually fractured?

A
  1. Body
  2. Ramus
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17
Q

T/F

Fractures through body or ramus are readily apparent

A

True

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18
Q

T/F

Fractures through condyle of the mandible may be difficult to see

A

True

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19
Q

What is the best way to find mandibular condyle fractures?

A

By doing an axiolateral TMJ projection

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20
Q

What is Contrecoup fracture?

A

A fracture of the ramus and the body of the mandible

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21
Q

Where is the mandible ussually wired to when there is a mandibular fracture?

A

The mandible is wired to the maxilla typically when there are fractures of the mandible.

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22
Q

How far does the condyle of the mandible go up?

A

Superior to the EAM

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23
Q

What side is demonstrated in a lateral mandible projection?

A

The side closest to the IR

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24
Q

What should be seen on a lateral mandibular projection?

A
  1. Collimate to include TMJ, symphysis menti, and anterior occlusals
  2. Extended neck to get the ramus off the spine
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25
Q

What projection is being shown here?

A

Lateral mandible projection

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26
Q

Why do we perform an axiolateral oblique of the mandible?

A

So that we can project one side above the other to demonstrate the body, the ramus, the symphysis or general survey

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27
Q

How do you best demonstrate the ramus on an axiolateral oblique?

A

Keep head in a true lateral

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28
Q

How do you best demonstrate the body of the mandible on an axiolateral oblique?

A

Rotate head 30° toward IR or until the body of the mandible is parallel to the IR

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29
Q

How do you best demonstrate the symphysis of the mandible on an axiolateral oblique?

A

Rotate head 45° toward IR

30
Q

How do you best demonstrate the general survey on an axiolateral of the mandible?

A

Rotate head 15°-20° toward IR

31
Q

What area of the mandible is the general survey demonstrating?

A

Halfway between the ramus and the body

32
Q

How do you position for the axiolateral oblique for the ramus of the mandible when erect?

A

Tilt vertex 15° towards IR and angle CR 10° cephalad if we cannot angle 25 degrees cephalad

33
Q

Why is a 25 degree tilt of the head for the axiolateral ramus while erect not reccomended?

A

When tilt is used, the ramus becomes foreshortened.

34
Q

What projection of the mandible is this?

A

General survey

35
Q

What part of the mandible is this projection for?

A

For the ramus

36
Q

What could be done to demonstrate the ramus better?

A

-Needed more tilt or more of a cephalad angle (remote side is covering the dependant side)

37
Q

What part of the mandible is being demonstrated here?

A

The body

38
Q

What part of the mandible is being demonstrated here?

A

The symphisis

39
Q

What part of the mandible is being demonstrated here?

A

A general survey

40
Q

What projection of the mandible is this?

A

PA mandibular rami

41
Q

What should be demonstrated on a PA Axial of the mandible?

A
  1. Demonstrates body and ramus
  2. Condyles demonstrated
42
Q

What is the best position to demonstrate medial or lateral displacement of fractures of the mandible?

A

PA axial mandible

43
Q

What projection is this?

A

PA axial mandible

44
Q

What should be seen on an AP axial modified towne method for the mandible?

A
  1. Include TMJ and symphysis menti
  2. Good visualization of the condyles
45
Q

What would an increased angle cause for an AP axial modified townes?

A

Increased elongation

46
Q

What is the best projection to assess medial or lateral displacement of the mandible?

A

The AP Axial – Modified Towne

47
Q

What additional views are used for demonstration of the mandible?

A

SMV – Basal view
Panorex – panoramic tomography

48
Q

What are the two methods of obtaining images of the mandible through panoramic tomography?

A
  1. – tube and IR rotate (in the same direction) around stationary patient
  2. – patient and IR rotate (in opposite directions) around a stationary x-ray tube
49
Q

How long is the rotation time for a panoramic tomogram of the mandible?

A

10 to 20 seconds

50
Q

T/F

Panoramic tomography is digital

A

True

51
Q

What is being shown here?

A

A panoramic tomogram

52
Q

What does a panoramic tomogram demonstrate?

A
  1. Curved structures
  2. Mandible, TMJs
  3. Nasal fossae, maxillary sinuses
  4. Upper and lower dental arches
  5. Fractures or infectious processes
53
Q

What is being shown here?

A

A panoramic tomogram

54
Q

How does the occlusal plane descend in a panoramic tomogram?

A

Occlusal plane declines 10° from posterior to anterior

55
Q

How should you position a patient for a panoramic tomogram?

A
  1. Chin rests on chin rest, and bite down on bite block
  2. Position patient straight – do not allow head and neck to stretch forward
56
Q

What line should be paralell to the floor for a panoramic tomogram?

A

IOML is parallel with the floor

57
Q

How should the MSP be positioned for a panoramic tomogram?

A

Align MSP with vertical center line of the chin rest

58
Q

What modality is being shown here?

A

Panoramic tomogram

59
Q

What is the fracture in the mandible caused by?

A

Some infection at the bottom of the teeth (Tumor, mass)

60
Q

Where is the TM joint located in relation to the EAM?

A

TMJ is just ANTERIOR to the EAM

61
Q

What is the TM joint formed by?

A

Formed by condyle of mandible fitting into mandibular fossa of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

62
Q

What are the imaging indications for the TM joints?

A
  1. Arthiritus
  2. Myofacial Pain Dysfunction Syndrom
  3. TMJ Syndrome
63
Q

What are these symptoms of in relation to mandible?

Clicking, pain, tinnitus, headaches, vertigo

A

TMJ

64
Q

When the mouth opens, where does the condyle move?

A

When mouth opens, condyle moves forward to the anterior margin of fossa

65
Q

When the mouth closes, where does the condyle move?

A

When mouth closes, condyle lies within mandibular fossa

66
Q

What is being shown here?

A

Dislocated TM joint

67
Q

What projection of the TMJ is this?

A

AP axial modified towne

68
Q

Why do we get the patient to extend the chin in an axiolateral method for the TMJ?

A

Easier to open the mouth

69
Q

What is being shown here?

A

Dislocation of the TMJ

70
Q

What joint is being demonstrated here?

A

The superior TMJ

Radiographic Procedures 2 (18 decks)

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