Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiographic Procedures 2 > Lecture 3 - Cervical and Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Cervical and Thoracic Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reasons that we would image the thoracic and cervical spine?

A
  1. DDD
  2. Arthiritus
  3. Neck pain/stiffness
  4. Whiplash ligament damage
  5. Primary or metastatic tumour
  6. Non-specific shoulder and arm pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What nerve root comes out of the C-spine?

A

Brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What pathology is being shown here?

A

Hang man’s fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the hangmans fracture?

A

Bilateral pedicle fracture of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What pathology is being shown here?

A

Whiplash injury from forced flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the curves are being shown in this image?

A

Normal lordotic curves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Label each line

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the prevertebral line showing?

A

The soft tissue of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false?

The soft tissue should never be greater than the height of the vertebrae in front

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What pathology is being shown here? What symptoms would this person present with?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome; present with numbness, coldness and tingling on one limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndome?

A

It is a term that refers to compression of the nerves, arteries, and veins in the lower neck and upper chest area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false?

C1-C5 keeps the diaphragm alive

A

False; C3-C5 keeps the diaphram alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With vetebral level

Label this image:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What articles need to be removed prior to imaging the C-spine?

A
  • Dental appliances
  • Jewelry in the area
  • Hairpins or clips or elastics
  • Thick hair braids
  • Glasses
  • Bra straps, buttons, zippers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of bringing the shoulders down in a lateral C spine?

A

To see C7-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do we raise the chin in a lateral c-spine?

A

To get the mandible off the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Label image:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What structures should be shown in a lateral c spine?

A
  1. Must see at least 1/3rd of T1
  2. Lateral cervical bodies
  3. Cervical Disc spaces
  4. Zygapophyseal joints
  5. No rotation
  6. Superimposed articular pillars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What position of the c spine is the best for imaging fractures?

A

The lateral c-spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Critique this image:

A

Very good image:
1. Chin is raised
2. Articular pillars are superimposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do we ensure that the articular pillars are superimposed in the lateral c-spine?

A

Ensure that the inter pupurarily line is perpendicular to IR and that the MSP parallel to IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Critique this image:

A

Bad image:
-Rotation (seeing double line of articular pillars; back of articular pillars)
-Articular pillars showing tilt (front part)
-Cannot see the top of the body of T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you measure the angle on the lateral c spine to obtain the measurement for the angle of the AP?

A
  1. On lateral, draw a line across the top of vertebral body of C4/5
  2. A steeper angle of the vertebral bodies will have a steeper caudad or cephlad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When is the C-spine swimmers proceedure done?

A

Done only when C7/T1 disc space is not shown on the routine lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do you position a c-spine swimmers projection?

(according to the textbook)

A
  1. Dependant arm raised above the head and forearm placed on head
  2. Humeral head can be rotated anteriorly
  3. Remote arm placed along patient’s side
  4. Push the shoulder down as much as possible
  5. Humeral head can be rotated posteriorly
  6. May require a 3° to 5° caudad angle if remote shoulder cannot be depressed enough

Erect - Left lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Critique this image:

A
  1. Good image for positioning
  2. Cannot see C2 and there is hand in the image

(this isnt a repeat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which shoulder is anterior in this image?

A

-The right shoulder is posterior and the left is anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If given an AP oblique C spine; what things should be facing UP?

A
  1. Pt facing UP,
  2. CR angled UP,
  3. foramina UP are demonstrated,
  4. marker is facing UP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the AP oblique axial projection of the C spine demonstrate?

A

Demonstrates intervertebral foramina of raised side (furthest from IR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What positions are done for the AP oblique axial C-spine projections?

A

RPO and LPO positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does an RPO AP axial oblique c spine demonstrate?

A

RPO demonstrates the LEFT IV foramina

32
Q

What does an LPO AP axial oblique c spine demonstrate?

A

LPO demonstrates the RIGHT

33
Q

What projection/position is this image? What IV foramina is being demonstrated?

A

-RPO AP Axial oblique C spine
-Left IV foramina

34
Q

What body position/projection is being demonstrated in this image? What IV foramina is being demonstrated?

A

-LPO AP axial oblique C spine
-Right IV foramina

35
Q

What is circled in this image?

A

The left pedicles

36
Q

What is being demonstrated in a PA axial oblique c spine projection?

A

Intervertebral Foramina CLOSEST demonstrated

37
Q

What Axial oblique of the c spine is best; AP or PA? Why?

A

**PA oblique **
1. The side you are demonstrating is closer to the IR (better image quality),
2. most of radiation is absorbed by the back of the neck as opposed to the thyroid
3. It is best to shoot into the concave side of the lordotic curve

38
Q

What errors are made in this image?

A

-The marker is face up
-Mandible is not parallel to bucky
-Collimator is not tilted so it is clipping C7

39
Q

What vertebral bodies does the AP axial C-spine projection demonstrate?

A

Demonstrates C3-T2

40
Q

What should we see on an AP Axial C spine?

A
  1. Visualization of C3 to T2
  2. Open intervertebral spaces due to the angle that we have used
  3. Spinous processes equidistant to pedicles-no rotation
41
Q

What is wrong with this image?

A

The chin is not lifted up

42
Q

What is another name for the Wagging Jaw projection?

A

Ottonello Method

43
Q

How do you position an Ottonello Method – Wagging Jaw projection?

A
  1. SID – min 40” or 102 cm
  2. CR perpendicular to IR
  3. CP – C4
  4. Ask patient to open and close mouth continuously during exposure – ensure they are not moving their head
  5. Need small mA and long time
44
Q

What vertebral bodies does the Ottonello Method – Wagging Jaw projection demonstrate?

A

Demonstrates C1 to C7

45
Q

What vertebral bodies does the AP open mouth Odontoid projection demonstrate?

A

Demonstrates the Atlas and Axis

46
Q

What should be seen on an AP open mouth Odontoid?

A
  1. Atlas & Axis and their articulations
  2. Must see the lateral edges of both the atlas and axis
  3. Entire dens through open mouth
  4. Superimposed upper occlusal plane/base of skull
47
Q

What is missing in this image?

A

The teeth :)

48
Q

What is the one issue with this image?

A

The back of the head is shown in the middle of the mouth showing that the chin is lifted too high

49
Q

What is an axial load fracture known as?

A

A Jeffersons fracture

50
Q

What is the one issue with this image?

A

Only half of the dens is demonstrated

51
Q

What is the purpose of doing an AP FUCHS Method?

A

Done following a properly positioned open-mouth odontoid image that still has the dens obscurred

52
Q

What is the MML?

A

MML: Mental meatal line

53
Q

What should be seen on the AP FUCHS Method?

A
  1. Dens within the foramen magnum
  2. Symmetric image
  3. No rotation
54
Q

What is the purpose of hyperflexion and extension projections?

A

Functional study – assess flexibility or instability

55
Q

What projection is this and what are the 2 issues with this image?

A

Hyperflexion
1. Cannot see C7
2. All spinous processes should come apart equally, and C1/C2 have a significant space

56
Q

What is the one issue with this image?

A
  1. Spinous processes should come together in hyperextension; Spinous processes have not come together in this image
57
Q

What patient preparation should be made prior to poisitioning the thoracic spine?

A
  1. All jewelry and body piercings in the area to be exposed should be removed if possible
  2. Remove everything from the waist up and tie the gown at the back
  3. Bra off
58
Q

What side of the tube should be facing the patients head in an AP Thoracic Spine?

A

The anode side

59
Q

What should be seen on an AP Thoracic Spine?

A
  1. No rotation
  2. Spinous processes and trachea in midline of spine
  3. SC joints are symmetrical
  4. Vertebral bodies well penetrated
  5. Tight collimation to thoracic spine
60
Q

What vertebral bodies are demonstrated on an AP throacic spine?

A

C7 to L1 demonstrated

61
Q

What pathology is shown here?

A
  1. Kyphosis
  2. Compression fracture due to osteoperosis
62
Q

How much should the tube be tilted for female patients in a lateral thoracic spine?

A

10° cephalad on average for females

Textbook answer

63
Q

How much should the tube be tilted for male patients in a lateral thoracic spine?

A

15° cephalad on average for males

Textbook answer

64
Q

Why do males need more of an angle for the lateral thoracic spine?

A

Wider shoulders

65
Q

If you are going to use a spounge for the lateral thoracic spine; where should it be placed?

A

Just above the illiac crest

66
Q

What vertebral bodies should be demonstrated on a lateral T-spine?

A

T1 to L1 demonstrated

67
Q

What should be seen on the lateral T-spine?

A
  1. Intervertebral disc spaces open
  2. No rotation
  3. Optimal exposure factors
  4. Shows us compression fractures!
68
Q

What is circled in this image?

A

The left main stem bronchus

69
Q

Why is the lateral cervico-Thoracic “Swimmers” projection done?

A

Needed because you will not see the upper thoracic vertebrae on a normal lateral t-spine

70
Q

True or false?

Do not remove collar or neck supports without physician’s permission

A

True

71
Q

Can you move the paitents head if they are on a fracture board and have a collar on?

A

No

72
Q

What is the cross table – horizontal ray lateral also known as?

A

Dorsal decubitus position

73
Q

When is the Trauma Swimmers view done?

A

Swimmers view if C7-T1 are not visible on XTL trauma

74
Q

Is the curve of the spine in this image normal?

A

Yes; these are trauma views, so the normal lordotic curve will be shown more in this image

75
Q

What pathology is being shown here?

A

Z joint-dislocation of the spine-paralyzed

76
Q

What does it mean by the dependant side?

A

The side that is against the bucky

77
Q

What projection is this?

Critique both the positives and negatives of this image:

A

Cross-table lateral Swimmer’s Method
Positives
-C2 shown
-Right arm was placed in line with spine to act as a filter
Negatives
-Didnt need to include base of skull
-The left marker should have been rotated and an arrow used.

Radiographic Procedures 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions