Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiographic Procedures 2 > Systems-Urinary > Flashcards

Systems-Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main Urinary System Procedures that can be done on patients?

A
  1. Intravenous urography (IVU/IVP)
  2. Retrograde urography
  3. Cystography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 2 types of Cystograms?

A
  1. Voiding Cystograms
  2. Cystourethrography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why must contrast be used for studies of the urinary system?

A

To demonstrate the structure and functionality of the urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is contrast adminsitered for examination fo the urinary system?

A

Anterograde:Intravenously
Retrograde:Urinary catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 modalities used for examination of the urinary system?

A

X-ray or computed tomography (CT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is Intravenous urography (IVU/IVP) retrograde or antegrade?

A

Antegrade procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What proceedure has been done here?

A

IVU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What proceedure has been done here?

A

Retrograde Urogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of an excretory urography— IVU proceedure?

A
  1. Visualize the anatomy of the collecting portion of the urinary system
  2. Assess the functional ability of the kidneys

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What must you acess and document on prior to an excretory urography— IVU proceedure?

A
  1. Current medications
  2. History of allergies
  3. Surgical procedures
  4. Past and current disease processes
  5. Laboratory values for GFR and Creatinine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are these contraindications for?

  1. Polycythemia
  2. Multiple myeloma
  3. Pheocromocytoma
  4. Sickle Cell Anemia
  5. Diabetic on METFORMIN –
  6. Glucophage
  7. Previous contrast reaction or seafood allergy
A

Excretory Urography— IVU proceedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 2 modailites that can replace an excretory Urography— IVU proceedure if contraindications are presesnt?

A
  1. Ultrasound
  2. CT Abdomen/Pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give three examples of equipment that must be present for an IVU:

A
  1. Arm board support for IV injection
  2. Ureteric compression device
  3. Emergency drug tray – oxygen tank and mask
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What proceedure are these markers for?

A

IVU proceedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is this a set up for?

A

Linear tomograms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is Ureteric Compression placed for IVU proceedures?

A

Placed at the level of the ASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F

The purpose of ureteric compression is for image quality.

A

False; The compression is NOT TO IMPROVE IMAGE QUALITY. It is to promote complete filling of the renal pelvis, calyces, and upper ureters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is being shown here?

A

Devices inflated over ureters at level of ASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is being shown here?

A

Compression device is attached to the table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where must you center for a collimated view for the IVU scout images?

A

Center midway between xiphi and iliac crest for collimated view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where must you center for a full length view for the IVU scout images?

A

For full length, center at iliac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a basic general routine look like for an IVU proceedure?

A
  1. Scout radiograph
  2. Injection
  3. Nephogram or nephrotomography
  4. Different positions based off of radiologist (i,e. AP, supine, ect.)
  5. Post void (prone or erect)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the purposes of a scout radiograph or a KUB prior to the IVU proceedure?

A
  1. Localize patient anatomy
  2. Assess proper bowel prep
  3. Assess technical factors
  4. Assess for any obvious stones or pathologies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is one major contraindication that immedietly cancels all IVU proceedures?

A

Any residual barium in patient from other proceedure, IVU is canceled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F

A Nephrogram or Nephrotomogram Demonstrates “blush” outline of kidneys.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the purpose of a Nephrogram or Nephrotomogram?

A

Radiographs taken early in study to demonstrate the renal parenchyma or the functional portion of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a nephrogram and when is it taken?

A

-Single radiograph taken immediately or at 1 min after contrast injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a Nephrotomogram and when is it taken?

A

Series of tomograms starting at 1 min after contrast injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What proceedure is being shown here?

A

A nephrotomogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Is blush filling demonstrated here?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Is blush filling being demonstrated here?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Is this done with or without compression? Why can’t we see the middle of the ureters?

A

-Done without compression
-The middle of the ureters are the most anterior and the patient is supine so we cannot see it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is this done with or without compression?

A

Without compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Is this done with or without compression?

A

With compression

Note the difference in filling of the calyces, renal pelvis, and upper ureters from the previous image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T/F

An IVU proceedure is done on suspended expiration.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What side is being demonstrated in the Posterior Oblique IVU positions?

A

The downside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the centering point for the posterior oblique IVUs?

A

Center 2 inches above symphysis and 2 inches medial from the raised ASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

T/F

In the posterior oblique IVU proceedures, the elevated kidney is parallel to plane of IR.

A

True; however it is superimposed by the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What UP junction is best demonstrated in an RPO?

A

Right UP junction best demonstrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

T/F

In the RPO to demonstrate the UP junction, the Rt Kidney is perpendicular to plane of IR

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What position is this and what is this demonstrating?

A

RPO demonstrating the right UP juntion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How do you best demonstrate the Left UV junction?

A

RPO 45° oblique

43
Q

What is the CP for the Post Void Erect?

A

Iliac crests

44
Q

What is the projection of a post void erect?

A

AP or PA

45
Q

T/F

Post void erect images demonstrate nephroptosis very well.

A

True

46
Q

What body type exhibits the most nephroptosis and when?

A

Asthenic patients exhibit greater “dropping” of the kidneys when standing

47
Q

What are the reasons for doing a post void erect image?

A
  1. Detect small masses or enlargement of prostate
  2. Prolapse of the bladder
  3. Demonstrate nephroptosis
48
Q

What is the best position to demonstrate the distal ureters?

A

Trandelenberg position

49
Q

What position can be done in place of compression for the IVU proceedures? Why?

A

Trandelenberg can be used in place of compression to better demonstrate kidneys if stones are present (gravity helps with filling)

50
Q

What does the prone position for the IVU proceedures best demonstrate?

A

Best demonstrates the ureter (especially middle part) and ureteropelvic junction

51
Q

What type of respiration should be used for all IVU proceedures

A

Exposures made at the end of expiration

52
Q

What is the average respiratory exursion?

A

Respiratory excursion – average of 1”

53
Q

What is the centering point for bladder imaging?

A

MSP - 2” above upper border of the symphysis

54
Q

What angle would you use for the bladder and when?

A

CR 10º-15º caudad if symphysis is obscuring bladder

55
Q

T/F

Non-contrast CT is used to demonstrate stones

A

True

56
Q

What does CTU stand for?

A

Computerized tomography (CT) urogram

57
Q

What are the benefits of CTU?

A
  1. Minimal bowel prep
  2. Non-contrast images to evaluate for presence and location of renal calculi (kidney stones)
  3. Option to use contrast media
  4. 3D reconstruction
58
Q

T/F

CTU provides a structural and functional study

A

True

59
Q

What is the benefit of ultrasound for urinary imaging?

A

NO harmful radiation

60
Q

How is contrast media delivered through Retrograde Urography?

A

Contrast media delivered retrograde through catheter

61
Q

T/F

A Retrograde Urogram is done for the structural and functional purpose of examining the urinary system.

A

False; Non functional examination of urinary system, done for structural purposes

62
Q

T/F

A retrograde urogram
provides more anatomical information than an IVU

A

True

63
Q

What system is contrast injected into for a retrograde urogram?

A

Contrast injection into pelvicalyceal system following catheterization

64
Q

T/F

In a retrograde urogram, stents may be placed depending on findings

A

True

65
Q

How do they find the ureter after inserting a catheter through the bladder?

A

Go to the corner of the ruguae

66
Q

What body position is a patient in for a retrograde urogram?

A

Lithotomy or modified lithotomy position

67
Q

T/F

A retrograde urogram is done under sedation or general anaesthetic

A

True

68
Q

What instrument is inserted into the bladder via the urethra in a retrograde urogram?

A

Insertion of cystoscope via urethra into bladder

69
Q

T/F

Dilated ureters may require less contrast

A

False; Dilated ureters may require more contrast

70
Q

T/F

Double contrast is sometimes used a retrograde urogram.

A

False; air could mimick stones

71
Q

T/F

For a retrograde urogram, they may use fluoroscopy to observe flow of contrast

A

True

72
Q

What does an imaging series look like for a retrograde urogram?

A
  1. Scout images
  2. Series of KUB’s
  3. AP’s with catheter(s) in place, with contrast in kidneys and/or ureters
73
Q

What are other optional views that can be done for a retrograde urogram?

5

A
  1. Horizontal ray lateral
  2. Obliques - RPO and LPO – 30°-45°
  3. KUB - table elevated 10° -15°
  4. Trendelenburg
  5. Delayed imaging
74
Q

What is the amount of contrast in cc given for retrograde cystography?

A

150-500cc

75
Q

How is contrast media delived for a retrograde cystogram?

A

Contrast media delivered through catheter

76
Q

What does a retrograde cystogram demonstrate?

A

Demonstrates structure of bladder

77
Q

What modality is typically used for retrograde cystograms?

A

Fluoroscopy

78
Q

What are the series of projections taken in retrograde cystograms?

A

AP, posterior oblique and lateral projections

79
Q

What are the pre-imaging steps prior to performing a retrograde cystogram?

A
  1. Technologist empty bladder into basin just prior to the procedure and re-clamp the catheter
  2. Connect the contrast tubing to the catheter and unclamp the catheter to fill the bladder with contrast
  3. When bladder is full – imaging may begin
80
Q

What is the CR angle for the AP bladder?

A

CR-10-15° caudad

81
Q

What is the centering point for the AP bladder?

A

2” inferior to ASIS

82
Q

T/F

Greater patient lordosis, less angle is required for the AP bladder.

A

True

83
Q

What is the purpose of doing an AP trandelenberg for a retrograde cystogram?

A

For imaging the distal ureters and the prostate

84
Q

What is the position of the table in the trandelenberg position for the retrograde cystogram? What is the CR angle?

A

Table tilted 15°-20°, vertical CR

85
Q

What position and proceedure is this for?

A

-AP trandelenberg for the retrograde cystogram

86
Q

What AP obliques are done for the retrograde cystogram and what does it demonstrate?

A

RPO AND LPO 45° to demo posterolateral aspect of bladder and UV Junctions

87
Q

What is the centering point for the AP obliques for the retrograde cystogram proceedure?

A

2” superior to pubic symphysis and 2” medial to uppermost ASIS

88
Q

What pathology is show here?

A

Rupturred bladder

89
Q

What does VCU stand for?

A

Cystourethrography voiding cystogram

90
Q

What body positions are VCU proceedures done in?

A

Recumbent or erect

91
Q

What modality is used for VCU proceedures?

A

Floro

92
Q

T/F

A VCU proceedure is a functional study.

A

True

93
Q

What is the purpose of a VCU proceedure

A

To show ureteric reflux and opacify urethra

94
Q

T/F

For VCU proceedures, place receptacle (urinal) or disposable pads placed under patient

A

True

95
Q

What is the projection and angle used for females recieving a VCU proceedure?

A

AP (may angle 10º-15º caudad)

96
Q

What is the projection and angle used for males recieving a VCU proceedure? Why?

A

RPO 30° (or LPO 30°) to place penis over the soft tissue of the leg

97
Q

Is this a normal or abnormal study done on a female?

A

Normal

98
Q

Is the urethra normal in this? What is the pathology?

A

-Normal urethra
-Prostatic enlargment

99
Q

What pathology is being shown here?

A

Left ureteric reflux and an abnormal urethra

100
Q

What is the position of the patients (males) in Retrograde Urethrography proceedures?

A

RPO 30° or LPO 30°

101
Q

T/F

A Retrograde Urethrography proceedure for males is a structural study only.

A

True

102
Q

What does a Retrograde Urethrogram best demonstrate on males?

A

Best demonstrates structure of the male urethra

103
Q

What type of clamp is used in Retrograde Urethrograms on males?

A

Brodney penile clamp

104
Q

Is this a normal study of the urethra?

A

Yes

Can visualize the clamp in this image

Radiographic Procedures 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions