Zoonotic infections Flashcards
What organism is the cause of cat scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
What is the morphology of bartonella henselae
slightly curved gram - rods
Describe the presentation of cat scratch disease
papules and pustiles around a scratch or bite
non-healing wound
lynphadenopathy proximal to wound
What is Parindaud’s oculoglandular syndrome
ocular granuloma or conjunctivitis and preauricular
LN’opathy; following inoculation of B. henselae into the conjunctiva
seen in kids
Children are more likely to develop complications of B hensalae infection including:
fevers of unknown origin
Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome
encephalitis
In addition to CSD, what other syndromes may develop from bartonella hensaleae infection?
bacillary angiomatosis peliosis hepatis endocarditis osteomyelitis uveitis persistent fever breast abscess neurologic manifestations
_____ may transmit bartonella between cats
fleas
What drug may be effective in accelerating recovery from symptomatic signs of bartonella infection
azithromycin
How can bartonella infection be prevented in humans
avoid rough play with kittens wash bites/ scratches flea control immunocompromised people adopt only seronegative adult cats vaccination of cats
What is the morphology of yersinia pestis
gram negative bipolar rod
Where in the US is plague most commonly seen
Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada
How is yersinia pestis transmitted?
fleas to rodents to small carnivores
List the three clinical forms of plague
- bubonic: acute febrile lymphadenitis, may see meningitis
- septicemic: hematogenous spread, leading to shock/ DIC
- Pneumonic: inhalation as route of infection or hematogenous spread, extremely fatal form
Yersinia pestis can easily be mistaken for a ______ on culture/ stain
diplococcus
What antibiotics are used to treat infection with Yersinia pestis?
- streptomycin/ gentamici
- tetracyclines/ fluoroqinolones/ chloramphenicol if there is meningitis, pleuritis, myocarditis
- levlofloxacin
susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin in vitro but not in vivo
Is there a vaccine for plague?
Yes, for high risk workers and travelers
Formalin inactivated
Also a vaccination for cats but not part of core feline vaccination regimen
What is the morphology of tularemia?
Gram negative bipolar rod (not diplococcus)
How is tularemia transmitted?
Rabbits and other small mammals-
undercooked game meat
waterborne
ticks and other arthropods
List clinical forms of tularemia in humans
ulceroglandular oculoglandular exudative pharyngeal form systemic typhoidal form pneumonic form
How is tularemia treated?
streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, or doxycycline
______ is a spirochete with over 250 serovars
leptospira interrogans
Leptospires can persist in the ____ of animals without causing disease leading to prolonged shedding
renal tubules
____ are the most common source of leptospira infection in humans
rats
others: dogs, livestock, rodents
How does human infection with leptospira most commonly occur?
contact with infected water- rice field fever etc
List clinical forms of leptospirosis
- “Weil’s disease” is the
name for the classic hepatic and renal form of disease. After an incubation period of 7-12
days, patients develop fever (biphasic), headache, and “flu-like” illness followed
within a few days by hepatomegaly, jaundice, and renal insufficiency. - The less severe, anicteric disease also presents as an initial flu-like illness, but this can be
followed by a second phase of intense headaches, severe myalgia, abdominal pain, and nausea, and sometimes rash, conjunctivitis/uveitis, and conjunctival hemorrhage, aseptic meningitis that is IMMUNE MEDIATED
What was unique about the leptospirosis outbreak known as mystery diseas
caused pulmonary hemorrhage with high mortality
_______ is a small Gram (-) coccobacillus; facultative intracellular pathogen; survives and replicates in
leukocytes
Brucella
What is the major virulence factor of Brucella
LPS
How can Brucella be transmitted?
unpasturized dairy
contact with tissues from infected cattle
What is the clinical presentation of Brucellosis?
undulating fever, night sweats, headaches, chills, weakness, arthralgia/myalgia, reproductive tract issues
How can brucellosis be treated
doxycycline + rifampin
use TMP/SMX in kids to avoid dental staining
How should people who accidentally vaccinate themselves with the RB51 brucella vaccine be treated?
3 weeks of doxycycline + rifampin
