Nosocomial infections Flashcards
What classification of organism causes most nosocomial infections
bacterial
Nosocomial infections are usually related to the use of _________ and are often preventable
medical devices
List some major sites of nosocomial infection
UTI surgical wound lower respiratory bacteremia C diff colitis
There is a different spectrum of organisms in the _____, including more antibiotic resistant organisms
ICU
ex pseudomonas, MRSA, coag - staph, toxigenic c diff, enterococcus, legionella, candia, aspergillus, fusarium, HBV, rotavirus
2/3 of all nosocomial infections occur in an _____ and there is a 10x higher rate of bacteremia
ICU
List some of the medical devices most closely linked with nosocomial infection
endotracheal tubes
urinary catheters
central line catheters
List major risk factors for nosocomial infection
understaffing
overcrowding
surgery
exposure to antibiotics
List some strategies for prevention of nosocomial infection
restrict use of invasive devices use aseptic technique hand hygiene patient isolation procedures HEPA filters for transplant patients
________ is a disinfectant that has been shown to be highly effective in reducing device related infections
chlorhexidine
- daily sponge bath, impregnanted site dressings
How are water supplies treated to prevent water borne transmission of Legionella
copper silverionization
List three ways to prevent surgical infections
antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery
perioperative hyperoxygenation
intensive insulin therapy of critically ill patients
List some procedures to minimize ventilator device infections
semi recumbent positioning circuit condensate removed by heat moisture exchange noninvasive technology when possible wean off devices asap oral care with chlorhexidine
