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CMBM exam 6 > Zoonotic infections > Flashcards

Zoonotic infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is a zoonotic infection?

A

An infection of nonhuman animals transmitted to humans

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2
Q

How is Francisella tularensis transmitted?

A

Rabbits, ticks, deer flies
Dirt or plant material (pneumonia)
Bioterrorism agent aerosol

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3
Q

What is the most immportant Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infection in humans?

A

Serotype O157

Sporadic outbreaks

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4
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of EHEC?

A

Mild diarrhea
Hemorrhagic colitis (HC) - destruction of mucosa
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) - acute renal failure, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neurologic complications

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5
Q

Where is EHEC found?

A

In the normal commensal in intestinal tract of cows

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6
Q

How does a EHEC infection occur?

A

When cattle feces are ingested

Unpasteurized milk or juice, hamburger, uncooked veggies

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of food-associated diarrhea (except in US and UK where it’s second place)?

A

Salmonella enterica

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8
Q

What family is Salmonella part of?

A

Enterobacteriacea

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9
Q

Where is Salmonella normally found?

A

Normal GI tract bacteria for poultry and other animals

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10
Q

How is Salmonella transmitted?

A

Contaminated food like poultry and dairy

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11
Q

How can Salmonella be spread?

A

Person-to-person with possible secondary spread

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12
Q

What is another major cause of diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter (pylori most common)

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13
Q

What is the reservoir for campylobactor?

A

Cattle, sheep, pigs, rodents, poultry and other birds

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14
Q

How is an infection of campylobactor acquired?

A

Consumption of contaminated food

Person-to-person but fecal-to-oral rare

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Pasteurella sp?

A

P. multocida, P. canis
Gram neg coccobacilli
Isolated from dog and cat bites (part of normal flora)

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16
Q

What does Pasteurella cause and what are the complications?

A

Cellulitis and lymphadenitis

Abscess formation, tenosynovitis, osetomyelitis, septic arthritis

17
Q

What causes cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

18
Q

What is Bartonella henselae characterized by?

A

Regional lymphadenitis after papule at the sire of scratch

Can become serious systemic disease

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Streptobacillus moniliformis?

A

Rat-bite fever

Aerobic, gram neg, high pleomorphic

20
Q

What is the source of Stretobacillus moniliformis?

A

Normal inhabitant in the oropharynx of rodents

21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for Streptobacillus moniliformis?

A

Relapsing feve (40C), shaking chills, myalgia, asymmetric polyarthritis, N&V, erythematous papulovesicular rash around bite

22
Q

What are the characteristics of Rabiesvirus?

A

ssRNA (-) virus, nonsegmented genome, helical capsid, enveloped, bullet shaped

23
Q

Virulence factors for rabies.

A

Virus-induced aggressive behavior in animals to spread

24
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

Reservoir: wild animals
Vector: wild animals and unvax cats and dogs

25
Q

What is the source of the rabies virus?

A

Major: saliva in bite of rabid animal
Minor: aerosols in bat caves with rabid bats

26
Q

What is the pathogenic agent of monkeypox?

A

Orthopoxvirus: dsDNA

27
Q

When did moneypox first emerge?

A

1970 in Congo
Skinning and handling animals
Re-emerged in 96-97

28
Q

What is the main action of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?

A

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Results from inhalation of rodent urine or feces
If infected, respiratory failure 20-50%

29
Q

What are the reservoirs for hantavirus?

A

Deer mouse, white footed mouse, rice rat, cotton rat

30
Q

What are prions?

A

Proteinaceous infection particles

31
Q

What is the disease associated with prions?

A

Neurodegenerative: dementia, insomnia, paraplegia
CNS lesions
Long incubation
Fatal outcome

CMBM exam 6 (16 decks)

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