Zoonotic infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is a zoonotic infection?

A

An infection of nonhuman animals transmitted to humans

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2
Q

How is Francisella tularensis transmitted?

A

Rabbits, ticks, deer flies
Dirt or plant material (pneumonia)
Bioterrorism agent aerosol

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3
Q

What is the most immportant Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infection in humans?

A

Serotype O157

Sporadic outbreaks

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4
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of EHEC?

A

Mild diarrhea
Hemorrhagic colitis (HC) - destruction of mucosa
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) - acute renal failure, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neurologic complications

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5
Q

Where is EHEC found?

A

In the normal commensal in intestinal tract of cows

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6
Q

How does a EHEC infection occur?

A

When cattle feces are ingested

Unpasteurized milk or juice, hamburger, uncooked veggies

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of food-associated diarrhea (except in US and UK where it’s second place)?

A

Salmonella enterica

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8
Q

What family is Salmonella part of?

A

Enterobacteriacea

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9
Q

Where is Salmonella normally found?

A

Normal GI tract bacteria for poultry and other animals

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10
Q

How is Salmonella transmitted?

A

Contaminated food like poultry and dairy

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11
Q

How can Salmonella be spread?

A

Person-to-person with possible secondary spread

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12
Q

What is another major cause of diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter (pylori most common)

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13
Q

What is the reservoir for campylobactor?

A

Cattle, sheep, pigs, rodents, poultry and other birds

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14
Q

How is an infection of campylobactor acquired?

A

Consumption of contaminated food

Person-to-person but fecal-to-oral rare

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Pasteurella sp?

A

P. multocida, P. canis
Gram neg coccobacilli
Isolated from dog and cat bites (part of normal flora)

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16
Q

What does Pasteurella cause and what are the complications?

A

Cellulitis and lymphadenitis

Abscess formation, tenosynovitis, osetomyelitis, septic arthritis

17
Q

What causes cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

18
Q

What is Bartonella henselae characterized by?

A

Regional lymphadenitis after papule at the sire of scratch

Can become serious systemic disease

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Streptobacillus moniliformis?

A

Rat-bite fever

Aerobic, gram neg, high pleomorphic

20
Q

What is the source of Stretobacillus moniliformis?

A

Normal inhabitant in the oropharynx of rodents

21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for Streptobacillus moniliformis?

A

Relapsing feve (40C), shaking chills, myalgia, asymmetric polyarthritis, N&V, erythematous papulovesicular rash around bite

22
Q

What are the characteristics of Rabiesvirus?

A

ssRNA (-) virus, nonsegmented genome, helical capsid, enveloped, bullet shaped

23
Q

Virulence factors for rabies.

A

Virus-induced aggressive behavior in animals to spread

24
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

Reservoir: wild animals
Vector: wild animals and unvax cats and dogs

25
What is the source of the rabies virus?
Major: saliva in bite of rabid animal Minor: aerosols in bat caves with rabid bats
26
What is the pathogenic agent of monkeypox?
Orthopoxvirus: dsDNA
27
When did moneypox first emerge?
1970 in Congo Skinning and handling animals Re-emerged in 96-97
28
What is the main action of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome Results from inhalation of rodent urine or feces If infected, respiratory failure 20-50%
29
What are the reservoirs for hantavirus?
Deer mouse, white footed mouse, rice rat, cotton rat
30
What are prions?
Proteinaceous infection particles
31
What is the disease associated with prions?
Neurodegenerative: dementia, insomnia, paraplegia CNS lesions Long incubation Fatal outcome