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CMBM exam 6 > Acid-base Regulation > Flashcards

Acid-base Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that can release or donate an H+

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that can combine with or accept an H+

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3
Q

What is the Ka?

A

Acid dissociation constant

Equilibrium constant/ionization constant

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4
Q

The higher the dissociation constant….

A

The more an acid is ionized and the greater its strength

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5
Q

What are some strong acids?

A

HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3

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6
Q

What are some weak acids?

A

Acetic acids, lactic acid, H2CO3, NH4+, H2PO4-

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7
Q

pKa is _____ to acid strenth.

A

Inversely proportional

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8
Q

What are some ways that acid could be produced in the body?

A

Metabolism -> CO2
Incomplete carbohydrate and fat metabolism -> nonvolatile acid
Protein metabolism > strong acid

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9
Q

The net endogenous acid production (NEAP) is found…

A

1 mEq H+/kg body weight

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10
Q

Acid production via CO2.

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-

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11
Q

What are the pH regulation mechanism?

A

Chemical buffering
Respiratory response
Renal response

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12
Q

What is the first line of pH flux defense and what does it do?

A

Chemical buffering
Minimizes a change in pH
DOES NOT remove acid or base

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13
Q

What is the second line of defense and what does it do?

A

Respiratory response

Remove CO2

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14
Q

What is the third line of defense and what does it do?

A

Renal response
Remove excess H+
Add new HCO3-
Slow

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15
Q

What is the main buffer pair?

A

HCO3-/CO2

Mixture of weak acid and conjugate base or vice verse

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16
Q

What is normal arterial PCO2 and [HCO3-]?

A

40 mmHg, 24 mmol/L

17
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

A

pH = 6.1 + log([HCO3-] / 0.03 x PCO2)

18
Q

What is chloride shift?

A

HCO3- diffuses out of RBC
RBC membrane is relatively impermeable to H+
Cl- diffuses into the RBC to maintain electrical neutrality

19
Q

What is the process of forming CO2 in the lungs?

A

H+ + HCO3- H2CO3 H2O + CO2

20
Q

What is the enzyme which aid in the formation of H2CO3?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

21
Q

What is a titratable acid?

A

Number of mEq OH- needed to bring the urine pH back to the pH of blood
Presents the amount of H+ that is excreted combine with urinary buffers like phosphate or creatinine

22
Q

What acid in renal acidifcation is nor titratable?

A

Ammonia (NH3/NH4+)

23
Q

If H+ is lost in the urine it is the same as….

A

Adding more HCO3- to the blood

24
Q

What is a simple acid-base disturbance?

A

Single primary cause for the disturbance

25
Q

Acidosis

A

Acid addition/ alkali loss

26
Q

Alkalosis

A

Alkali addition/ acid loss

27
Q

Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation is present when PCO2 is ____ and HCO3- is ____.

A

High, low

28
Q

Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation is present when PCO2 is ____ and HCO3- is ____.

A

Low, high

29
Q

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation is present when PCO2 is ____ and HCO3- is ____.

A

Low, low

30
Q

Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation is present when PCO2 is ____ and HCO3- is ____.

A

High, high

31
Q

What could cause metabolic acidosis?

A

Gastrointestinal loss of bicarb like diarrhea

Diabetic ketoacidosis

32
Q

What could cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Gastric H+ loss such as vomiting

Net gain of HCO3- such as absorbable antacids or eating baking soda

33
Q

What could cause respiratory acidsosis?

A

Emphysema

Pulmonary edema

34
Q

What could cause respiratory alkalosis?

A

Voluntary hyperventilation
Anxiety
High altitude

35
Q

What are the three models of to remove acid from the body via the kidneys?

A

HCO3- reabsoprtion
Titratable acid formation
Ammonia synthesis and excretion

CMBM exam 6 (16 decks)

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