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cmbm exam 6 > Body Temperature Regulation > Flashcards

Body Temperature Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important for core temperature to be regulated?

A

Cannot survive if not functioning

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2
Q

What influences the rate of hear production?

A

Basal rate metabolism
Metabolism inc by muscular activity
Metabolism inc by sympathetic stimulation
Metabolism inc by hormonal effect on cells
Metabolism inc by inc chemical production
Inc digestion, absorption and storage of food

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3
Q

Where is most heat lost?

A

Through the skin

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4
Q

What are some barriers to heat transfer?

A

Insulation
Skin
SubQ tissue
Fat - conducts 1/3 more heat than other tissues

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5
Q

Where are the temperature regulating centers?

A

Preoptic and anterior hypothalamic nuclei

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6
Q

What is the main mediator of fever when there is an infection?

A

Pyrogenic

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7
Q

What regulates homeostatic mechanisms to maintain a body temp set point?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What ate the mechanism to increase body temp?

A

Vasconstriction
Thermogenesis
Piloerection

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9
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Tightening of vasculature in the skin

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10
Q

What is vasoconstriction mediated by?

A

Tonic sympathetic control - noradrenergic

Nonglabrous (hairy) glabrous (palm, soles), skin all have sympathetic inn

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11
Q

What is thermogenesis?

A

Shivering to inc heat production

Chemical by sympathetic stimulation and thyroxin

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12
Q

What are the chemical thermogenesis agents?

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

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13
Q

How is thermogenesis stimulated?

A

By the uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria so heat, not ATP, is released

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14
Q

Where does the most uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation occur?

A

In brown fat

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15
Q

What does thyroxin do as a chemical thermogenesis?

A

Increases the rate of cellular metabolism

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16
Q

When does thyroxin being working?

A

After a prolonged amount of time (weeks) in exposure to low temps

17
Q

What is piloerection?

A

Sympathetic stimulation which causes contraction of arrector pili muscles creating a later of insulating air

18
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

Heat loss occurring from radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation or respiration

19
Q

What are some causes of hypothermia?

A

Extensive exposure to cold
Endocrine dysfunction
Drugs
Neurologic injury

20
Q

What are some mechanisms to dec body temp?

A

Vasodilation
Sweating
Dec heat production

21
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Opening of the vasculature of the skin
Sympathetically controlled - cholinergic receptors cotransmission with roles for nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, protoglandins and substance P

22
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome

A

Hyperreactive vasoconstriction of periphery (vasospasm) activated by cold or emotional stimulus
Severe - ischemia-reperfusion injury

23
Q

Erythromelalgia

A

Rare disorder that is characterized by burning pain, warmth and redness of extremities

24
Q

What is hyperthermia and what are its causes?

A

Core temp higher than 38C

Thermoregulatory failure from drugs or severe brain injury

25
Q

What is hyperpyrexia?

A

Core temperature above 41.5

26
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia?

A

A genetic disorder, mutation of ryanodine receptor (RYR1)
In response to anesthetics/succinylcholine, intracell Ca2+ release is elevated so muscle metabolism inc and become rigid
Acidosis

27
Q

What is fever?

A

Controlled inc in core temperature

28
Q

What is the main cause fever response?

A

Pyrogen (any substance that causes a fever)

29
Q

What are exogenous pyrogens?

A

Microbial product, toxin or whole microbe
Gram neg (all) - LPS
Gram pos - enterotoxin (S. aureus), group A & B step toxin

30
Q

What are endogenous pyrogens?

A

Cytokines

IL-1, IL-6, TNF, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), interferon alpha

31
Q

What is hypertermia?

A

Uncontrolled elevation in core body temp that exceeds the body’s ability to lose heat
Pyrogens not involved

32
Q

What are some possible causes for hypertermia?

A 
Heat stroke 
Drug induced (MAOIs, tricyclic antidepress, SSRIs etc)

cmbm exam 6 (16 decks)

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