Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMBM exam 6 > Bioterrorism > Flashcards

Bioterrorism Flashcards

1
Q

What do laboratories manipulate organism to do in order for them to be bioterror agents?

A 
Create resistance to antibiotics
Inc resistance to host immunity
Inc host range
Adapt organism to dispersal by fine-particle aerosols 
Inc transmissibility by aerosol route
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Category A agents

A 
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
Yersinia pestis (plague)
Smallpox
Clostridium botulinum toxin
Francisella tularensis 
Hemorrhagic fever viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is important about Bacillus anthracis that makes it such a good bioweapon?

A

Spore-forming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the natural hosts for Bacillus anthracis?

A

Herbivores

Likes the dirt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of anthrax is most common naturally?

A

Cutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main marker of cutaneous anthrax?

A

Black eschar - necrotic ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most fatal version of anthrax?

A

Inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms of inhalation anthrax?

A

Prodrome
Hemorrhagic mediastinal lymphadenitis, effusions
Widened mediastinum
No person-to-person transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three anthrax toxins?

A 
Protective antigen (binds to host enabling toxin to enter)
Edema toxin (inc cAMP)
Lethal factor (promotes cytokine secretion/inflammation, induces apoptosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment and prevention for anthrax?

A

Penicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some characteristics of Yersinia pestis?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

Gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the virulence factors for Yersinia pestis?

A

LPS
Plaminogen activator - degrades fibrin
Antiphagocytic capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Yersinia pestis?

A

Bubonic plague: lymph node swell, lymphadenopathy
Septisemic plague: bacteremia in the blood (100% death)
Pneumonic plague: organisms in lung from blood (100%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the treatments for Yersinia pestis?

A

Streptomycin, tetracyclin and doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which is the only form of the plague that is transmittable person-to-person?

A

Pneumonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some general characteristics of Clostridium botulinum toxin?

A

From gram (+) rod
Blocks neuromuscular transmission
Rapid onset of symmetric flaccid paralysis w/o fever or loss of cognition
Fatal when it reaches the lungs

17
Q

What are some general characteristics of smallpox?

A

Orthopox virus
Vaccinia is vaccine strain
Eradicated in 1980

18
Q

What are the potential uses for smallpox as a biological weapon?

A

High potential for aerosol dispersal
30% mortality rate maybe more
Person-to-person spread
No real anti-viral therapy

19
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of smallpox?

A

Prodrome
Rash - maculopapular to vesicular to pustules and crusts
Replication in other organs - damage and toxemia

20
Q

What is the prevention for smallpox?

A

Vaccina virus

21
Q

What are the characteristics of Francisella tularensis?

A 
Gram (-) rod
Intracellular in macrophages, hepatocytes and epithelial cells
Zoonotic infections 
Trasmitted by ticks and deer flies 
Highly contagious
22
Q

What is the pathogenesis and virulence for Francisella tularensis?

A

LPS
Intracellular growth
Induces apoptosis of infected cells
Host response is to induce cell mediated granuloma in infected tissue

23
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for Francisella tularensis?

A

Ulceroglandular - skin abrasion

Infection of other organs

24
Q

What are the main treatments for francisella tularensis?

A

Streptomycin, doxycycline

25
Q

What is the bioweapon use for Francisella Tularensis?

A

Aerosolized - pneumonia
Very few organism required for infection
60% mortality

26
Q

What viral hemorrhagic fever is most likely to be used a bioweapon?

A

Ebola

27
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Ebola, Marbug and Arena viruses?

A

2 - 21 day in incubation
Replicates in upper respiratory tract - viremia to multiple organs - hemorrhage of endothelial vessels - shock and necrosis
Fatal 70%

28
Q

What is the treatment for Ebola?

A

None

CMBM exam 6 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions