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Zoonotic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii

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2
Q

What is the MC location of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Palms and soles of feet

- Centripetal rash

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3
Q

What is the tx for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Doxycycline

Chloramphenicol

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4
Q

What is the causative agent of Lyme Disease?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi (spirochete)

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5
Q

What does Lyme disease affect?

A

Skin
Joints
Nervous system
Heart

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6
Q

Lyme disease vectors

A

Deer tick
Sheep tick
Taiga tick
Black-legged tick

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7
Q

What is the treatment for early-stage Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline
Amoxicillin
Cefuroxime

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8
Q

What is the causative organism of Tularemia?

A

Francisella Tularensis

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9
Q

What is the MC form of Tularemia?

A

Ulceroglandular/Glandular Tularemia

- glandular: no ulceration

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10
Q

S/sx of Oculoglandular Tularemia?

A

Ulceration of the conjunctiva
Painful preauricular LAD (hallmark)
Chemosis

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11
Q

S/Sx of Orophayngeal Tularemia?

A

Cervical LAD

Exudative tonsillitis or pharyngitis

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12
Q

S/sx of Tularemia Pneumonia?

A

D/t inhalation

- hilar adenopathy

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13
Q

What is the 1st line tx of Tularemia?

A

Steptomucom
Gentamicin
- if meningitis use FQ or Chloramphenicol

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14
Q

What is the causative agent of Relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia Hermsii
B. parkeri
B. duttoni
B. miyamotoi

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15
Q

What is a clinical manifestation of relapsing fever?

A

Rash (macular, papular, petechial) that terminates after 3-10 days, then reoccurs after 1-2 wks

  • Chill and flush phase
  • CNS complications
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16
Q

What is the treatment for relapsing fever?

A

Doxycycline
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Penicillin G

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17
Q

What is the causative agent of Dengue fever?

A

Dengue fever virus

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18
Q

What is the principal vector of Dengue fever?

A

Aedes spp. mosquitoes

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19
Q

What clinical manifestation is seen in a pt with Dengue fever?

A

Saddleback pattern —> initial infxn/ fever is mild or asymptomatic, then sxs become more and more severe

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20
Q

What test is performed in a pt with Dengue fever?

A

Tourniquet test (will be positive)

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21
Q

What are s/sx of critical phases of Dengue fever?

A

GI hemorrhage

Plasma leakage into the chest and peritoneal cavities

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22
Q

How is the rash of Dengue fever described?

A

White islands in a sea of red

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23
Q

What is the causative organism of Zika?

A

Zika Virus

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24
Q

What is the clinical manifestation in Zika infx in pregnancy?

A

Microcephaly and fetal brain defects

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25
Q

When can Zika be detected in semen?

A

Up to 3-6 mos after initial infections

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26
Q

What is the vector of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Dog tick and rocky mountain wood tick

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27
Q

What is the vector of Tularemia?

A

Dog tick
Rocky Mountain wood tick
Long start tick

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28
Q

What is the vector of Relapsing fever?

A

Soft body ticks

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29
Q

What is a pregnancy complication from Relapsing fever?

A

Spontaneous abortion
Premature birth
Neonatal death

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30
Q

What is the causative agent of Ebola Hemorrhagic fever?

A

Ebola virus (from Africa)

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31
Q

What is the reservoir of Ebola Hemorrhagic fever?

A

Fruit bats

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32
Q

How is Ebola Hemorrhagic fever transmitted?

A

Consumption of bushmeat

Bats, Gorilla, Chimpanzees, Shrews, and Duikers

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33
Q

What are some rare manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis: West Nile Virus?

A

Encephalitis
Flaccid Paralysis
Neuological sequelae

34
Q

Manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis: Western Equine Encephalitis is most commonly seen in children or adults?

35
Q

What Manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis has a vaccine available?

A

Japanese encephalitis

36
Q

What is the vector of Manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis: Eastern Equine Encephalitis?

A

Black-tailed mosquito

37
Q

What is the most severe mosqutio-borne illness in the US?

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

38
Q

What is the causative agent of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

A

American Hantavirus

- MC: Sin Nombre virus

39
Q

How is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome transmitted?

A

Aerosolized virus from infected rodent excreta, saliva, and urine

40
Q

What are the 3 phases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

A

Prodromal
Cardiopulmonary
Convalescent

41
Q

What phase of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome is the most fatal?

A

Cardiovascular phase

42
Q

What medication may be beneficial in the early stages of a pt who is infected with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

43
Q

What is the causative agent of the Plague?

A

Yersinia Pestis

44
Q

What is the vector of the Plague?

45
Q

What is the Bubonic Plague?

A

MC form
Bite of infected flea and spreads through lymphatics to the nearest lymph node
- replication leads to painful LAD (bubo), which then ulcerate and become suppurative sores

46
Q

What is a clinical manifestation of Bubonic Plague?

A

Blood clots leading to arterial obstruction and acral gangrene = “black death”

47
Q

What is the Pneumonic Plague?

A

Bacilli are inhaled

  • rapidly progresses
  • may occur secondary to bubonic plague
48
Q

What is Septicemic Plague?

A

The infection enters the bloodstream, spreading hematogenously

  • sudden onset of febrile illness w/o bubo formation
  • highest mortality rate
49
Q

What is the management of the Plague?

A

1st line: Streptomycin and Gentamicin

  • Alternatives: cipro, doxy, chloramphenicol
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis: cipro or doxy
50
Q

What is the causative agent of Rabies?

A

Rhabdoviridae family

51
Q

What are the reservoirs of Rabies?

A

Bats, dogs, raccoons, skunks, and foxes

52
Q

What is the MC causative mammal that carries rabies that causes deaths in Africa vs US?

A

Africa: Dogs
US: Bats

53
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

MC: Canine to human

- Developing countries

54
Q

What is some clinical manifestation of Rabies?

A

Hydrophobia: inability to drink
Laryngeal spasm w/ drinking
Hypersalivation (foaming at the mouth)
Progression to coma and death

55
Q

What are the two types of clinical manifestations seen in rabies?

A 
Furious rabies (MC)
Paralytic
56
Q

What are some S/Sx of furious rabies?

A 
Hyperactivity
Disorientation 
Agitation
Hallucination
Aggressive/bizarre behavior
57
Q

What are some S/Sx of paralytic rabies?

A 
Lethargy
Loss of coordination
Confusion
Stupor
Ascending paralysis
58
Q

What histological diagnostic finding is seen in a pt who is infected with rabies?

A

Negri bodies

59
Q

What is the causative agent of cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella Henselae

60
Q

How is cat scratch disease transmitted?

A

Transmitted to cats via flea bites, then transmitted to humans by bite or scratch

61
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of cat scratch disease?

A

Linear papules and nodules
Parinauds oculoglandular syndrome
Peliosis hepatitis
Bacillary angiomatosis

62
Q

What is the tx of cat scratch disease?

A

Azithromycin - 1st choice

Alternatives: Rifampin, TMP-SMX, Cipro, Doxy

63
Q

What is another causative agent that is spread by cats and dog bits?

A

Pasteurella multocida

64
Q

What is seen Pasteurella multocida in laboratory studies?

A

Encapsulated gram-negative rod

65
Q

What is the tx of Pasteurella multocida?

A

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate - tx of choice

- Bitten by cats are also given ampicillin

66
Q

What is the causative agent of Chagas disease?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

67
Q

What is the vector of Chagas disease?

A

Triatomine bugs

68
Q

What are some acute manifestations of Chagas disease?

A

Chagoma: localized erythema and edema where parasite entered

Romana sign: painless palpebral edema and conjunctivitis

69
Q

What is the intermediate phase of Chagas disease?

A

Latency/Asymptomatic phase

70
Q

What are some chronic manifestations of Chagas disease?

A 
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megaesophagus
Achalasia
Megacolon 
Neuritis
71
Q

Chagas disease clinical manifestion usually occurs d/t a pt that has recent traveled to?

A

Costa Rica - endemic area

72
Q

What is the tx of Chagas disease?

A

Benznidazole and Nifurtimox

73
Q

What is the causative agent of Psittacosis?

A 
Chlamydia psittaci (AKA parrot fever)
- reservor: birds
74
Q

How is Psittacosis transmitted?

A

Inhalation of aerosolized feces of certain birds

- more common in young - middle-aged adults

75
Q

What is a unique clinical manifestation of Psittacosis?

A

Photophobia

76
Q

What is the tx of Psittacosis?

A

Doxy or Tetra

2nd line: azithromycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol

77
Q

What is the causative agent of Brucellosis?

A

Brucella species

78
Q

How is Brucellosis transmitted?

A

Exposure to infectious fluids from animals or food products

raw milk, unpasteurized, cheese

79
Q

What is the MC clinical manifestation of Brucellosis?

A

Bone and joint involvement

80
Q

What is tx for Brucellosis?

A

Doxy + Streptomycin

Alternatives: Cipro + Doxy or Rifampin

Infectious Disease 2 (6 decks)

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