Review Flashcards
What causative agent of malaria has the worst prognosis?
Plasmodium Falciparum
How is malaria transmitted?
Bite of infected female anopheles mosquito
What are some S/Sx of poor prognostic factors of malaria?
- Marked agitation
- Hyperventilation
- Hypothermia
- Bleeding
- Deep coma
- Anuria
- Shock
What is the causative agent for the Plague?
Yersinia pestis
What is the vector for the plague?
Rat flea
What is the MC form of the plague?
Bubonic plague
What are some s/sx of the plague?
- F/C
- HA
- HypoTN
- Shock
- DIC
- Blood clots leading to arterial obstruction and acral gangrene = black death
What is the reservoir for ebola hemorrhage fever?
Fruit bats
How is ebola hemorrhage fever transmitted?
Consuming bushmeat
bats, gorilla, chimpanzees, shrews, and duikers
What are some clinical manifestations of ebola hemorrhagic fever?
Hemorrhage:
- Hematochezia
- Petechiae
- Ecchymosis
- Mucosal bleeding
- Hematemesis
How is schistosomiasis transmitted?
Blood flukes enter the skin from contaminated water (walking barefoot on the beach)
A clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis is Katayama fever, what species does that primarily occur with?
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum
What are some s/sx of Katayama fever?
- Chest pain
- Hematochezia
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- F/C
What is a tx for schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel
What is the causative agent for toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma gondii
How is toxoplasmosis transmitted?
- Inhalation of oocysts from cat feces
- Vertical transmission from mother to fetus
- Ingestion of oocysts in raw pork
What is a manifestation of Toxoplasmosis transmitted congenitally?
Retinochoroiditis
What is the tx for Toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine w/ Leucovorin
What is a clinical finding in a pt who has contracted scabies?
Linear burrows in interdigital web spaces
What is the hallmark sx in some with scabies?
Intense pruritus
What is the tx for scabies?
Permethrin cream
What is the MC bedbug in the US?
Cimex Lectularis
How is bedbugs transmitted?
Fomite contact: mattress, cushions, pillows, wooden bed crevices
S/sx of someone who has been bitten by bedbugs?
Urticaria and itching
What is tx for bedbugs?
- Malathion
- Lindane
- Calamine lotion
What is the causative agent for body lice?
Pediculus humanus corporis
Body lice is a human vector for what disease?
Rickettsia prowazekii - causative agent for epidemic typhus
What is the difference between flea bites and scabies bites?
Flea bites are more spread out lesions while scabies bites are more of a cluster and closer together.
What is the tx for ascariasis?
- Mebendazole
- Albendazole
- Ivermectin
What is the tx for Enterobiasis (pinworms)?
- Albendazole
- Mebendazole
- Pyrantel pamoate
What is the tx for Necatorisais (hookworm)?
- Mebendazole
- Albendazole
- Pyrantel pamoate
- AND Iron supplementation
What is the tx for Pork tapeworms?
Praziquantel
What is the tx for pork tapeworm if cystericosis occurs?
- Albendazole + Praziquantel + Steroids
- or Albendazole +/- steroids
What is the tx for beef tapeworms?
Praziquantel
What is the causative agent for Necatoriasis (hookworms)?
Necator americanus
What is the causative agent for enterobiasis (pinworms)?
Enterobius Vermicularis
What is the causative agent for pork tapeworms?
Taenia Solium
What is the causative agent for beef tapeworms?
Taenia saginata
What is the causative agent that caused a group of Mexican immigrants to get sick when they ate pickled pork?
Taenia Solium —> pork tapeworms
What lab work must be done in a pt with Necatoriasis?
Iron panel d/t iron deficiency anemia
How is Trichinellosis/Trichinosis transmitted?
Ingestion of encysted larvae in uncooked pork
What is the MC cause of death associated with Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
Myocarditis
What is the tx for Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
- Mebendazole or Albendazole
- and Prednisone
What is the causative agent for Lyme disease?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
What are the vectors for lyme disease?
Deer tick, sheep tick, taiga tick, black-legged tick
What is the rash called in someone who has lyme disease?
Erythema migrans
What is the tx for lyme disease?
Doxy
- alt: amox and cefuroxime
What is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain fever?
Rickettsia Tickettsii
What is the vector for Rocky Mountain fever?
Dog tick or rocky mountain wood tick
What clinical presentation would you see in someone who has been infected with Rocky Mountain fever?
Centripetal; “inward” macular rash, palms and soles involved
What is the tx for Rocky Mountain fever?
Doxy
- alt: chloraphenicol
What mosquito born disease will have a positive tourniquet test?
Dengue: febrile phase
What clinical manifestation can occur if a pregnant women is bitten by a mosquito carrying the Zika virus?
Microcephaly
What mosquito born disease has a vaccine available?
Japanese Encephalitis
What is the highest mortality/most severe mosquito born illness in the US?
Eastern equine Encephalitis
Where is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome found?
All 4 corners
Where are rabies found?
Worldwide
What is the MC rabies vector in the US and Africa and Asia?
US: bats
Africa and Asia: Dogs
What laboratory diagnostic finding would you see in someone who is infected with rabies?
Negri bodies histologically
Mother brings pt in with poss. conjuctivitis, reports they just got back from Costa Rica, what disease do you suspect pt has?
Chagas disease
What is the causative agent for chagas disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
Pt comes in with photophobia nonproductive cough, and acute fever you ask if he has around any birds and he reports he loves to play with birds especially parrots what do you suspect the pt has?
Psittacosis
What is the causative agent for Psittacosis?
Chlamydia psittaci
What is the tx for Psittacosis
Doxycycline or Tetracycline
HIV is a member of what virus group?
Retroviridae group of viruses
HIV attacks what specific immune cell?
CD4
What is the MC way HIV is transmitted?
Sexual contact