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Infectious Disease 2 > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria (aka blackwater fever) causative organism?

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

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2
Q

How is Malaria transmitted?

A

Bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito

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3
Q

What is the MC geographic distribution of Malaria?

A

Tropical and subtropical regions

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4
Q

Diagnostic testing for Malaria?

A

Thick and thin smears

Ribax - rapid detection

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5
Q

What are some physical features that indicate poor prognosis in pts with Malaria?

A 
Agitation
Hyperventilation
Hypothermia
Bleeding (nose, rectal, etc.)
Deep coma
Anuria
Shock
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6
Q

What medication do you take if you were going to go on a medical mission to Haiti?

A

Chloroquine phosphate OR hydroxychloroquine

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7
Q

What medication do you give when a pt will be traveling for a longer duration (ie. religious missions)?
AND who is it contraindicated in?

A

Mefloquine

- pts with seizures and psych conditions

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8
Q

What should you warn pts about when taking Doxycycline?

A

Photosensitivity and GI side effects

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9
Q

What two medication regimens makeup Malarone?

A

Atovaquine + Proguanil

- $$$

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10
Q

What drugs are used for uncomplicated Malaria?

A

Artemether + Lumefantrine

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11
Q

What can primaquine cause?

A

Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency

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12
Q

Severe malaria should be managed with what?

A

IV Artesunate

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13
Q

What is the causative organism of Schistosomiasis?

A

Schistosoma (AKA snail fever)

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14
Q

How is Schistosomiasis transmitted?

A

Blood flukes entering skin from contaminated water (walking barefoot on a beach)

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15
Q

What species does Katayama fever occur primarily in?

A

S. Mansoni and S. Japonicum species

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16
Q

S/Sx of Katayama fever?

A

Chest pain
Hematochezia
Hepatosplenomegaly

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17
Q

What will you find in diagnostic testing for Schistosomiasis?

A

Eosinophilia

Excreted eggs in stool and urine sample

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18
Q

What is the management of Schistosomiasis?

A

Praziquantel

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19
Q

Causative Organism of Toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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20
Q

How is Toxoplasmosis transmitted?

A

Inhalation of oocyst from cat feces
Ingestion of oocysts in raw pork
Vertical transmission from mom to fetus (highest risk 3rd trimester)

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21
Q

What is the biggest concern with congenital infection from toxoplasmosis?

A

Retinochoroditis

- MC late finding

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22
Q

What is the diagnostic testing for Toxoplasmosis and what do you see?

A

CT or MRI: ring-enhancing lesions

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23
Q

What is the tx for Toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine w/leucovorin

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24
Q

What is the causative organism of Scabies (AKA 7 yr itch)?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei —> linear burrows

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25
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Permethrin 5%
Ivermectin
Lindane 1% (don’t use in peds)
- + antihistamine

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26
Q

What is the causative organism of Pediculosis?

A

Pediculus humanus capitus and corporis

27
Q

Body lice can also transmit or carry what?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii - causative agent for epidemic typhus

28
Q

What is treatment for Pediculosis?

A

Permethrin (RID, Nix) - tx of choice

Ivermectin (Sklice)

29
Q

What is the causative organism of bedbugs?

A

Cimex Lectularis (MC bedbug in US)

30
Q

What is the transmission of bedbugs?

A

Fomite contact

mattresses, cushions, pillows, crevices of wooden beds

31
Q

What is the MC sx if bitten by bedbugs?

A

ITCHINGGGG

32
Q

What is the tx for bedbugs?

A

Malathion
Lindane
Calamine lotion

33
Q

What is the causative organism of Ascariasis?

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

34
Q

How is Ascariasis transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route

- eggs in warm moist contaminated soil

35
Q

What is Loeffler’s syndrome?

A

Eosinophilic pneumonia

- Caused by Ascariasis

36
Q

What are the diagnostic testing for Ascariasis?

A

Eosinophilia

Stool samples x 3 to identify eggs

37
Q

What is tx for Ascariasis?

A

Mebendazole
Albendazole
Ivermectin

38
Q

How do you prevent Ascariasis?

A

Sanitation and proper hygiene

39
Q

What is the causative organism of Enteroviasis?

A

AKA pinworms

Enterobius vermicularis

40
Q

How is Enteroviasis transmitted?

A

Ingestion of eggs from perianal area of infected individuals

41
Q

What age group is Enteroviasis MC in?

A

Children 5-10 yrs old

42
Q

MC sx from a pt infected Enteroviasis?

A

pruritus ani

43
Q

Where do the male and female make in a pt infected with Enteroviasis?

A

Terminal ileocecal region

44
Q

Diagnostic testing for Enteroviasis?

A

Scotch tape test

45
Q

What is the management of Enteroviasis?

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate

46
Q

What is the causative organism of Necatoriasis?

A

AKA Hookworm

Necator Americanus

47
Q

How is Necatoriasis transmitted?

A

Dermal exposure to fecal contaminated soil

48
Q

MC cause from Necatoriasis?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

49
Q

Diagnostic testing for Necatoriasis?

A

Serial stool samples (O&P) - most diagnositic
Eosinophilia
Microcyotic Anemia

50
Q

What is the management of Necatoriasis?

A

Mebendazole
Albendazole
Pyrantel Pamoare
Iron supplement

51
Q

What is the causative organism of Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm?

A

Taenia solium

52
Q

How is Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infected measly pork containing cysticerci

53
Q

A clinical manifestation: Cysticericosis from Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm can cause what?

A

Asymptomatic until cust degrade which actives the immune system
- may migrate to brain, eyes, and/or striated muscle

54
Q

A clinical manifestation: Neurocysticerosis from Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm can cause what?

A

Seizure (MC), altered mental status

55
Q

What is the management of Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm and management for beef tapeworm?

A

Praziquantel

56
Q

What is the causative organism of beef tapeworm?

A

Taenia Saginata

57
Q

How is beef tapeworm transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infected “measly: beef containing cysticerci

58
Q

What is the causative organism of Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?

A

Trichinella spiralis

59
Q

How is Trichinellosis/Trichinosis transmitted?

A

Ingestion of encysted larvae in undercooked pork or bear meat

60
Q

What is the MCC of death in a pt who has been infected with Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?

A

Myocarditis

61
Q

What are S/Sx of someone who has been infected with Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?

A

Muscle pain and swelling
Weakness
Periorbital edema
Splinter hemorrhages

62
Q

What is diagnostic for Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?

A

Muscle biopsy

63
Q

What is the treatment for Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?

A

Mebendazole
Albendazole
Prednisone

Infectious Disease 2 (6 decks)

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