Zoonotic Bacteria Flashcards
How would you identify an infection caused by Yersinia pestis?
Gram stain?
Capsule?
growth requirement?
Mode of transmission?
What disease does it cause?
- gram stain?
- gram negative rode
- bipolar staining, like safety pin
- Capsule?
- protein capsule made by plasmid encoded fimbrial protein (F1)
- growth requirement?
- grow on most common media
- lactose non-fermented on MacConkey agar
- grow on most common media
- Mode of transmission?
- by rodent flea bite
- Causes plague
- class A terrorism b/c can be aerosolized
What are the major virulence factors used by Yersinia pestis?
- intracellular pathogen
- Uses TSS and LPS
- capsule & outer membrane
- macrophages bring bacteria to regional lymph nodes where it replicates
- infected monocytes disseminate the infection
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
2-8 daysincubation
fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, headache
proximal lymph node tender, enlarging bubo becocomes progresively painful
gangrene of extremities such as toes, fingers, lips, tips nose.
What is the responsible bacteria?
Bubonic plague
Yersinia pestis
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
after 2-4 days, fever, chills, myalgias
more severe next 24 hrs
bloody sputum, chest pain, dyspnea & cyanosis, death within 24 hours
hempoptysis & fast progressign pneumonia
What bacteria is the likely cause?
person to person transmission– likely outcome terrorist
Pneumonic plague
Yersinia pestis
How can you characterize an infection caused by Francisella tularensis?
Gram stain?
How is it acquired?
Additional concern?
- Gram stain?
- small gram negative rod (weak stain)
- Growth requirements
- needs cysteine
- on BCYE- growth in 3-5 days
- blood cultures may take longer
- Cystein Heart blood agar
- Chocolate agar
- grows POORLY on blood agar
- How is it acquired?
- contact with infected animal
- rabbits, cats, hard ticks
- Additional concern?
- highly infectious b/c can be aerosalized – bioterrorism concern
Major virulence factors employed by F. tularensis?
- intracellular
- strictly aerobic
- sirvives in macrophages, inhibits lysosome phagosome fusion
- covered w/ anti-phagocytic capsule
What disease can present with the following symptoms?
multiplies locally
2-5 days erythematous tender or pruritic papule
papule rapidly enlarges & forms ulcer w/ black base
spreads to regional lymph nodes (lymph adenopathy)
Probable bacterial cause?
ulceroglandular Tularemia
F. tularensis
What diesease is characterized by the following symptoms?
acute onset: fever, chills, myalgias, headache, sweats
patient history of tick bite
Pneumonic tularemia
F. tularensis
What diesase is characterized by the following symptoms?
painful conjunctivitis
probably seeking help before lymphadenopathy
history of tick bite or handling animals
What bacteria is the likely cause?
Oculoglandular tularemia
F. tularensis
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
ingeation of contaminated meat or oral inoculation
membranous pharyngitis w. cervical lymphadenopathy of ulcerative lesions with mesenteric lymphadenopathy
diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, GI bleeding
v. rare
Oropharyngeal & GI tularemia
F. tularensis
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
fever w/ profuse sweats (esp. at night)
rising & fallign fever in some patients
musculoskeletal signs
What is the probable bacterial cause?
Unduland Fever (Brucellosis)
Brucella
What are the major virulence factors displayed by Brucella?
- intracellular, inhibits phagosome lysosome fusion in macorphages
- brought by macrophages to bone marrow, liver spleen & lymph node
- resides/replicates in reticuloendothelial system
- induce granuloma
How can you identify Brucella?
Gram stain?
Urease?
Oxidase?
Growth requirement?
Major way it is acquired?
- Gram stain?
- poorly staining gram (-) coccobacilli
- Urease?
- positive
- Oxidase?
- positive
- Growth requirement?
- in 72hrs on blood agar
- resistant to dehydration
- Major way it is acquired?
- infected milk/cheese or occupational
How could you identify a culture of Bartonella?
Gram stain?
growth requirement?
Mode of transmisison for:
B. quintana?
B. bacilliformis?
B. henselae?
- gram (-) coccobacilli
- Growth requirements
- fastidious
- Mode of transmission
- B. quintana: body louse
- B. bacilliformis: sand fly
- B. henselae: fleas and cat scratch
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
Severe headache, fever, weakness, pain in long bones
recurrs ~ every 5 days an lasts ~5 days
What bacteria is the probable cause?
Trench Fever
B. quintanta
prevalent durign WWI and WWII (now in homeless people)
transmitted via body louse
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
Angioproliferative lesions (blood filled cysts) in I/C and AIDS patients
Probable bacterial cause?
Bacillary Angiomatosis
B. quintanta & B. henselae
Fleas
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
Patient presents with a history of being scratched by a cat
In 2-3 days, papule progresses to vesicle
lesions persis for 1-3 weeks; chronic lymphadenophathy
What ist he bacterial cause?
Cat-scratch disease
B. henselae
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
Muscle/joint pain, fever, headache, coma after recent tavel to Peru, Ecuador or Columbia
Followed by chronic cutaneous skin lesions
What is the bacterial cause?
Oroya fever
B. bacilliformis
transmitted by sand flies in Andes Mountain
cutaneous skin lesions : (Verrugo Peruana)
How could you identify a sample of Pasteurella?
gram stain?
oxidase?
Indole?
Agar?
mode of transmission?
- gram staining
- small gram (-) coccobabilli, bipolar staining
- Oxidase: positive
- Indole: positive
- Agar: DOES NOT GROW on MacConkey agar
- Mode transmission
- animal bite/scratch
What are the 3 possible clinical outcome from a Pasteurella infection?
- localized cellulitis & lympadenitis (no long term lymphadenopathy)
- chronic respiratory disease in patients with pulmonary dysfunction
- systemic disease in I/C w/ underlying haptic disease
How could you identiy a culture of Streptobacillus moniliformis?
gram stain?
Mode of transmission?
- gram stain
- long, thin gram-negative rods (stain poorly)
- “spaghetti & meatballs”
- Mode tranmission
- contact with rats/other small rodents
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
2-10 day incubation
fever, headache, chills, muscle pain, migratory polyarthralgia
maculopapular rash on abdomen (to hands & feet)
exposure to rats
What is the bacterial cause?
Rat-bite Fever
S. moniliformis or Spirillum minus
