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S1B5: Micro > Zoonotic Bacteria > Flashcards

Zoonotic Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

How would you identify an infection caused by Yersinia pestis?

Gram stain?

Capsule?

growth requirement?

Mode of transmission?

What disease does it cause?

A
  • gram stain?
    • gram negative rode
    • bipolar staining, like safety pin
  • Capsule?
    • protein capsule made by plasmid encoded fimbrial protein (F1)
  • growth requirement?
    • grow on most common media
      • lactose non-fermented on MacConkey agar
  • Mode of transmission?
    • by rodent flea bite
  • Causes plague
    • class A terrorism b/c can be aerosolized
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2
Q

What are the major virulence factors used by Yersinia pestis?

A
  • intracellular pathogen
  • Uses TSS and LPS
  • capsule & outer membrane
  • macrophages bring bacteria to regional lymph nodes where it replicates
  • infected monocytes disseminate the infection
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3
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

2-8 daysincubation

fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, headache

proximal lymph node tender, enlarging bubo becocomes progresively painful

gangrene of extremities such as toes, fingers, lips, tips nose.

What is the responsible bacteria?

A

Bubonic plague

Yersinia pestis

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4
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

after 2-4 days, fever, chills, myalgias

more severe next 24 hrs

bloody sputum, chest pain, dyspnea & cyanosis, death within 24 hours

hempoptysis & fast progressign pneumonia

What bacteria is the likely cause?

A

person to person transmission– likely outcome terrorist

Pneumonic plague

Yersinia pestis

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5
Q

How can you characterize an infection caused by Francisella tularensis?

Gram stain?

How is it acquired?

Additional concern?

A
  • Gram stain?
    • small gram negative rod (weak stain)
  • Growth requirements
    • needs cysteine
    • on BCYE- growth in 3-5 days
      • blood cultures may take longer
    • Cystein Heart blood agar
    • Chocolate agar
    • grows POORLY on blood agar
  • How is it acquired?
    • contact with infected animal
    • rabbits, cats, hard ticks
  • Additional concern?
    • highly infectious b/c can be aerosalized – bioterrorism concern
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6
Q

Major virulence factors employed by F. tularensis?

A
  • intracellular
  • strictly aerobic
  • sirvives in macrophages, inhibits lysosome phagosome fusion
  • covered w/ anti-phagocytic capsule
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7
Q

What disease can present with the following symptoms?

multiplies locally

2-5 days erythematous tender or pruritic papule

papule rapidly enlarges & forms ulcer w/ black base

spreads to regional lymph nodes (lymph adenopathy)

Probable bacterial cause?

A

ulceroglandular Tularemia

F. tularensis

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8
Q

What diesease is characterized by the following symptoms?

acute onset: fever, chills, myalgias, headache, sweats

patient history of tick bite

A

Pneumonic tularemia

F. tularensis

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9
Q

What diesase is characterized by the following symptoms?

painful conjunctivitis

probably seeking help before lymphadenopathy

history of tick bite or handling animals

What bacteria is the likely cause?

A

Oculoglandular tularemia

F. tularensis

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10
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

ingeation of contaminated meat or oral inoculation

membranous pharyngitis w. cervical lymphadenopathy of ulcerative lesions with mesenteric lymphadenopathy

diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, GI bleeding

A

v. rare

Oropharyngeal & GI tularemia

F. tularensis

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11
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

fever w/ profuse sweats (esp. at night)

rising & fallign fever in some patients

musculoskeletal signs

What is the probable bacterial cause?

A

Unduland Fever (Brucellosis)

Brucella

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12
Q

What are the major virulence factors displayed by Brucella?

A
  • intracellular, inhibits phagosome lysosome fusion in macorphages
  • brought by macrophages to bone marrow, liver spleen & lymph node
  • resides/replicates in reticuloendothelial system
  • induce granuloma
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13
Q

How can you identify Brucella?

Gram stain?

Urease?

Oxidase?

Growth requirement?

Major way it is acquired?

A
  • Gram stain?
    • poorly staining gram (-) coccobacilli
  • Urease?
    • positive
  • Oxidase?
    • positive
  • Growth requirement?
    • in 72hrs on blood agar
    • resistant to dehydration
  • Major way it is acquired?
    • infected milk/cheese or occupational
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14
Q

How could you identify a culture of Bartonella?

Gram stain?

growth requirement?

Mode of transmisison for:

B. quintana?

B. bacilliformis?

B. henselae?

A
  • gram (-) coccobacilli
  • Growth requirements
    • fastidious
  • Mode of transmission
    • B. quintana: body louse
    • B. bacilliformis: sand fly
    • B. henselae: fleas and cat scratch
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15
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

Severe headache, fever, weakness, pain in long bones

recurrs ~ every 5 days an lasts ~5 days

What bacteria is the probable cause?

A

Trench Fever

B. quintanta

prevalent durign WWI and WWII (now in homeless people)

transmitted via body louse

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16
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

Angioproliferative lesions (blood filled cysts) in I/C and AIDS patients

Probable bacterial cause?

A

Bacillary Angiomatosis

B. quintanta & B. henselae

Fleas

17
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

Patient presents with a history of being scratched by a cat

In 2-3 days, papule progresses to vesicle

lesions persis for 1-3 weeks; chronic lymphadenophathy

What ist he bacterial cause?

A

Cat-scratch disease

B. henselae

18
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

Muscle/joint pain, fever, headache, coma after recent tavel to Peru, Ecuador or Columbia

Followed by chronic cutaneous skin lesions

What is the bacterial cause?

A

Oroya fever

B. bacilliformis

transmitted by sand flies in Andes Mountain

cutaneous skin lesions : (Verrugo Peruana)

19
Q

How could you identify a sample of Pasteurella?

gram stain?

oxidase?

Indole?

Agar?

mode of transmission?

A
  • gram staining
    • small gram (-) coccobabilli, bipolar staining
  • Oxidase: positive
  • Indole: positive
  • Agar: DOES NOT GROW on MacConkey agar
  • Mode transmission
    • animal bite/scratch
20
Q

What are the 3 possible clinical outcome from a Pasteurella infection?

A
  1. localized cellulitis & lympadenitis (no long term lymphadenopathy)
  2. chronic respiratory disease in patients with pulmonary dysfunction
  3. systemic disease in I/C w/ underlying haptic disease
21
Q

How could you identiy a culture of Streptobacillus moniliformis?

gram stain?

Mode of transmission?

A
  • gram stain
    • long, thin gram-negative rods (stain poorly)
    • “spaghetti & meatballs”
  • Mode tranmission
    • contact with rats/other small rodents
22
Q

What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?

2-10 day incubation

fever, headache, chills, muscle pain, migratory polyarthralgia

maculopapular rash on abdomen (to hands & feet)

exposure to rats

What is the bacterial cause?

A

Rat-bite Fever

S. moniliformis or Spirillum minus

S1B5: Micro (12 decks)

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