Degenerate Bacteria Flashcards
What are the 2 groups of Degenerate Bacteria?
What is unique about these bacteria?
Rickettsia and Orientia
The can only grow inside eukaryotes
Rickettsial LPS has low endotoxins activity; Oreintia has no LPS or peptidoglycan (no gram staining)
What disease is characterized by the following symptom?
Most common in summer month
patient was bit by a tick 2-14 days ago
high fever, severe, headache, malaise,
macular rash (in 3 days) starting on extremities and moving centrally
Rash evolves to “spotted” or “petechial” form
What is the probable bacterial cause?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
R. rickettsii
How could you identify an infection caused by R. Ricketsii?
Gram stain?
What is the common diagnostic test?
Poor gram stain – thus Giemsa or Gimenez stains
nucleic acid amplification test
MIF: detects OMP & LPS antibodies (positive 2nd week)
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
1st phase: Papuan where mite bites; progression to ulceration and Escher; high fever
2nd phase: abrupt onset; high fever, severe headache; generalized maculpapular rash in 2-3 days; vesicles form and crust over; recovery 2-3 weeks
Rickettsialpox
R. akari
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
louse borne infection
In 2-30 days high fever, severe headache and myalgia
Recovery in 2 weeks, may remain dormant
What is the probable bacterial cause? How would you diagnose?
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
From rat/cat fleas
7-14 day incubation, abrupt onset
fever, severe headache, chills, myalgia and nausea
rash limited to chest and abdomen
lasts 3 weeks
What is the probable bacterial cause?
Murine typhus
R. typhi
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
sudden onset 6-18 days after encounter with mites in Eastern Asia, Australia, Japan & Western Pacific Islands
sever headache, fever, myalgia
macular to popular rash on trunk, spreading to extremeties
recover in 2-3 weeks
What is the probable bacterial agent?
What disease is characterized by the following symptoms?
infection of blood and tissue monocytes
1-3 weeks after tick bite, flulike illness
high fever, headache, malaise, myalgias
late onset rash
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increase transaminases
Human monocytes ehrlichiosis
caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia ewingii with the same symptoms, but infects granulocytes rather than monocytes
Human Anaplasmosis is caused by A. phagocytophilum which also infects granulocytes and has the same symptoms
How could you identify a infection caused by Ehrlichia or Anaphlasma?
Gram stain?
What unique feature are found?
what its he common identification test ran?
Poor gram stain (lack peptidoglycan)
giemsa-stain to see intracellular organisms (modulate) in blood
Nucleic amplification test
Where are common places Coxiella burnetti are found?
What is unique about this bacteria?
What are the symptoms?
How is it diagnosed?
Commonly found in placenta, feces, and urine of infected livestock
The bacteria has 2 forms: small (SCV) and large (LCV)
SCV= spore like, resistant to environmental conditions
Mostly asymptomatic, but may cause flue-like symptoms, mostly seen in months to years in immunocompromised patients– can cause pneumonia, hepatitis, chronic Q feverr and S/A endocarditis
Serology or PCR
Why are Chlamydiaceae considered energy parasites?
What are the 2 forms uses through its cycle?
It uses host ATP
Elementary bodies: inactive but infectious
Reticulate bodies: metabolically active, non infectious
Describe the Chlamydiasceae developmental cycle
EBs vind host cell receptors and stimulate uptake
once inside, EBs are converted to RBs
about 18-24 hours after th infection, RBs are reorganized into EBs
in about 72 hours, the cell ruptures and released the infectious EBs
