Zoonotic and vector borne infections and Bioterrorism Flashcards
what is the main virulence factor of Borrelia Burgdorferi?
Outer surface lipoprotein (Osp) contributes to arthritis and joint pain
What is the main diagnostic feature of Lyme Disease?
Bulls Eye Lesion!
Erythema Chronicum migrans
What is the structure of Borrelia Burgdorferi?
Gram negative spirochete
What is responsible for the relapsing course of disease in Borrelia recurrentis?
Antigenic variation
Which form of disease is responsible for borrelia recurrentis infection in the US?
endemic tick born- DOES NOT spread person to person
What is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?
Systemic reaction that happens when bacteria lyse and all the JUNK comes out causing an inflammatory response.
Symptoms include fever, chills, myalgia
may be due to beta lactam therapy
What bacteria causes infection from urine contaminated water?
Leptospira spp
What are the main symptoms of Leptospirosis?
Hepatitis, sceleral hemorrage in CSF AND Aqueous humor, bacteriuria in kidney
What bacteria often causes infection after dog bites?
Pasturella multocida
Clinical ID of Pasturella multocida?
small gram negative oxidase positive bacilli
causes a localized soft tissue infection (cellulitis)
What type of infection characteristically shows a centripetal rash?
Rickettsia ricketssii (Rocky mountain fever)
Clinical ID of rickettsia ricketssii?
Gram negative cocobacillary
Weil-Felix test
complement fixation
indirect immunofluorescence
What bacteria is responsible for “Cat Scratch Disease”?
Bartonella henselae
What are potential complications of a bartonella infection?
Vascular infection with immunocomp patients (Bacillary angiomatosis)
Skin lesions look like Kaposi’s sarcoma
What is up with Ehrlichia chaffeensis?
NOT MUCH!! tick born, rickettsia (g- coccobacillus)
What is the difference between public health Category A and Category B disease agents?
high mortality vs low
severe vs moderate
Describe the toxin associated with Bacillus Anthracis
AB toxin but it has two separate A subunits.
Protective antigen- binding subunit
Edema toxin= PA + EF, causes increase in cAMP, needs calmodulin
Lethal Toxin= PA + LF, metalloprotease cleaves MAPK 1 and 2. inhibits single transduction
What is the most common manifestation of an Anthrax infection?
Cutaneous anthrax- Painless ulcer with coal-black necrotic center
can spread to lymphatics + blood
What are the symptoms of inhalation anthrax?
Pulmonary infection, initially non-specific: fever, cough, malaise. Respiratory distress with shock. massive pulmonary edema. visible on Xray.
Clinical ID of Bacillus anthracis?
Large Gram positive bacilli, non motile, non hemolytic on BAP
What is the main virulence factor associated with Yersinia pestis?
Type 3 secretion!
Toxic products injected directly into cell cytoplasm by Yop
What are the symptoms of the Bubonic plague?
severe lymphadenopathy and septicemia!
bubonic purpura, ecchymosis, gangrenous necrosis
(gram negative rod)
What organism causes Rabbit Fever?
Francisella tularensis (aka tularemia), Gram negative pleomorphic rod
What feature of Francisella tularenesis is responsible for high virulence?
HIGHLY INFECTIOUS!! requires very few bacteria for innoculum (10-50 organisms!!)
What is the source of Brucella abortis?
Brucellosis is most often contracted by drinking unpasteurized milk or direct contact with an infected animal.
note that it causes spontaenous abortions in animals, relapsing fever in humans.
What bacteria uses lice as a vector?
Rickettsia prowazekii
Which Rickettsia species has a higher mortality rate?
epidemic typhus- prowazekii
Q fever?
Coxiella Burnetti! Causative agent unknown. Related to Rickettsia but no arthropod vector. transmitted by aerosol.
What makes Typhus an atypical Rickettsia infection?
The infected arthropod transmits from person to person, eventually dies and there is no eschar.
