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Micro > Jackson > Flashcards

Jackson Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common way of contracting actinomyces israelii

A

Typically from mouth trauma (tooth extraction)

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2
Q

What unique features are clues for actinomyces israelii?

A 
Highly filamentous (looks like fungi!)
sulfur granules

(G+ rods)

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3
Q

Chronic candida albicans infection is indicative of what?

A

T cell deficiency

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4
Q

What is the primary virulence factor of streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

polysaccharide capsule

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5
Q

Stain of aspirate strep pneumo would show?

A

gram + lancet shaped diplococci

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6
Q

What is the most important virulence factor of H. influenza?

A

Polysaccharide capsule!

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7
Q

Clinical features of H influ

A

small gram-negative coccobacillus
require X and/or V
Satellite growth on plates with BV and BX

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8
Q

Strep pyogenes causes…

A

rheumatic heart disease!! M protein involved in molecular mimicry. cross reactive with heart muscle protein

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9
Q

Key virulence factors of strep pyro

A

B hemolytic
M protein
exotoxins: SLO and SLS
Strep pyro exotoxin - scarlet fever!!

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10
Q

Strep pyro lab tests

A

Catalase neg
bacitracin sensitive
gram + cocci chains

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11
Q

Structure of the Diptheria TOxin?

A

AB! B for binding, A for acting

Sim to pseudomonas exotoxin- prevents protein synthesis by inactivating elongation factor2

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12
Q

Key features of C Diptheria

A

AB
Mobile phage
iron regulated

pseudomembrane from oropharynx to trachea

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13
Q

Clinical ID of C Diptheria

A

Gram +, Club shaped rods attached -CHINESE LETTERS

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14
Q

What does Bordetella pertussis cause?

A

Whooping cough

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15
Q

What is the structure of pertussis toxin?

A

AB5

analogous to cholera toxin.. different mechanism but both increase cAMP

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16
Q

Clinical ID of pertussis?

A

Gram neg coccobacillus looks like haemoph

17
Q

Clinical ID of strep pneumo

A 
Gram Positive, lancetshaped, diplococci stuck end to end
alpha hemolytic (green on agar)
quellung swelling
Optochin susceptibility
Bile solubility (differ from virdans)
latex agglut for antibodies
18
Q

What bacteria causes Sick Buildling Syndrome

A

Legionella pneumophilia

19
Q

What are the most common bacteria causing walking pnemonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, legionella

aka atypical pneumonias
do not gram stain

20
Q

What bacterium most likely to cause acute pneumonia secondary to some other insult?

A

Staph aureus

21
Q

Lab ID for staph?

A

Gram + cocci in clusters
Catalase+
Coag+

22
Q

Which bacteria is notorious for causing lung abscess?

A

Staph aureus

23
Q

What are the main virulence factors for mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Mycolic Acid

Lipoarabinomannan (cell wall glycolip that suppresses T cell prolif and macrophage act)

24
Q

Case Presentation: Patient in poor health, recently institutionalized, wasting disease, nightsweats..?

A

MTB

25
Q

What are the primary virulence factors for pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Adhesins, Alginate (biofilm!), elastase (degrades lung elastin)

26
Q

Mostly likely bacterial infection in Cystic Fibrosis patients?

A

Pseudomonas aer

27
Q

What bacteria causes pneumocytosis?

A

PCP

28
Q

What are the 3 important virulence factors for Pertussis?

A
  1. Filamentous Hemagglutinin (Fha)/Pili
  2. Pertussis Toxin
  3. Invasive Adenylate Cyclase
29
Q

What are the two components of the signal transduction system that regulates Pertussis virulence factors?

A

BvgS and BvgA

Temperature/ion changes cause BvgS to phosphorylate BvgA
Timed control of virulence factor expression (pili/fha first)

30
Q

WHat can grow on Charcoal agar?

A

Pertussis

31
Q

What are the secondary complications of strep pneumo (after acute pneumonia)

A

Bacteremia andAcute Purulent Meningitis

32
Q

WHat are the virulence factors ofLegionella relevant to lower respiratory tract infections?

A

Outer membrane proteins (entry into macrophages)
Metalloprotease
Defect in organelle trafficking
phospholipase C

33
Q

Is there person to person transmission for legionella?

A

No

34
Q

What survival advantage does Legionella have?

A

Live inside ameba! resistant to disinfectant, over winter live in cysts of ameba, can live in biofilms too.

survives as intracellular parasites in monocyte-macrophage
COILING phagocytosis

35
Q

What two syndromes are caused by legionella?

A 
Legionnaire's DIsease (severe pneumonia)
Pontiac Fever (nonpneumonic febrile illness less virulent)
36
Q

What cause’s farmers lung?

A

Aspergillus

37
Q

What is unique about the life cycle of Aspergillus?

A

Not dimorphic… other fungi grow differently in tissue and lung. not aspergillus!!

38
Q

Chicken farmer or spelunker?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

39
Q

What unique feature is diagnostic of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Tuberculate macroconidia– finger-like projections carrying spores

Micro (10 decks)

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