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Derm > Zoonoses with Skin Manifestations > Flashcards

Zoonoses with Skin Manifestations Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Morphology of Rickettsia?

A

G- bacili

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2
Q

Why can’t Rickettsia be cultured?

How is it diagnosed?

A

obligate, intracellular parasite

appearance, pt hx, confirmed with serology

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3
Q

All rickettsia are sensitive to:

A

doxy

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4
Q

Phyla of Rickettsia

A

Rickettsia
Ehrlichia
Coxiella

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5
Q

Rickettsia symptoms

A

Fever-headache-rash

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6
Q

Where do Rickettsia replicate? What does this cause?

A
  • -in endothelial cells of small blood vessels

- -vasculitis

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7
Q

2 diseases caused by rickettsia

A

RMSF

Epidemic typhus

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8
Q

RMSF is transmitted by:

A

ticks

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9
Q

Typical RMSF symptoms?

A
  1. “Flu” with severe headache
  2. Rash starts at ankles and wrists, spreads to palms, soles, trunk (***very characteristic!!!)
  3. sore muscles, especially in calves
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10
Q

RMSF can progress to:

A

Septicemia

DIC

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11
Q

What test is used to diagnose RMSF?

A

immunofluorescent antigens

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12
Q

What was the old test used to dx RMSF?

Explain it

A

Weil-Felix test

Non-specific test in which anti-rickettsial Abs cross-react with Proteus OX antigens

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13
Q

R. prowazekii is likely transmitted:

A

human-to-human by body lice feces

maybe flying squirrels?

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14
Q

R. prowazekii symptoms:

A

Rash similar to RMSF except spreads from trunks to extremities
Not found on palms or soles

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15
Q

R. prowazekii has a (high/low) untreated mortality rate.

What are possible bad complications?

A

high mortality rate (10-60% untreated)

Myocarditis, CNS involvement

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16
Q

Ehrlichia are “_____ ___-borne” diseases

A

Southern

tick

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17
Q

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is transmitted by:

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is transmitted by:

A

Lone Star deer tick

Ixodes deer tick

18
Q

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) replicates in:

A

monocytes, within inclusions called morulae

19
Q

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is diagnosed by:
Confirmed by:
treated with:

A

blood smear
serology
doxy

20
Q

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is often called:

Why?

A

“Rocky Mtn Spotless Fever”

RMSF symptoms WITHOUT rash

21
Q

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is diagnosed by:

A

Blood smear

look for morulae in granulocytes

22
Q

2 types of Spirochetes

A

Borrelia and Leptospira

23
Q

What disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Lyme disease

24
Q

B. burgdorferi is transmitted by:

A

Ixodes deer tick nymph
(saliva)

Note: if you remove the tick in t get sick!

25
Q

Symptoms of early lyme disease:

A
  1. Flu-like (milder than RMSF)

2. Erythema chronicum migrans (**Usually!)

26
Q

Symptoms of secondary lyme disease:

A

Disseminated disease, weeks or months later

  1. Arthritis
  2. facial palsy
  3. peripheral neuropathy
27
Q

Symptoms of chronic lyme disease:

A 
Erosive arthritis (autoimmune; **esp bad in knees)
Bell palsy
28
Q

Diagnosis of Lyme disease:

A

Step 1: ELISA (sensitive, false positives**)

Step 2: Must be confirmed by Western blot

29
Q

Treatment of Lyme disease
Early:
Chronic:

A

Early: doxy or amoxicillin
Chronic: IV cephalosporins for extend time

30
Q

What is notable about Borrelia?

A

they undergo antigenic variation

change surface antigens, which causes a cyclical pattern of infection

31
Q

B. recurrentis is transmitted via:

B. hermsii is transmitted via:

A

louse (rare in US)

tick

32
Q

B. hermsii and B. recurrentis are endemic to:

A

high desert of Western US

33
Q

What are symptoms of B. hermsii and B. recurrentis infections?

A
  1. Fever for a week, then recurs two weeks later (due to antigenic variation)
  2. Skin rash uncommon
34
Q

How are B. hermsii and B. recurrentis diagnosed?

A

Blood smear

Serology to confirm

35
Q

How are B. hermsii and B. recurrentis treated?

A

doxy

36
Q

How is Leptospira interrogans transmitted?

A

urine contaminated water gets into cuts

37
Q

Symptoms of Leptospira interrogans?

A
  1. Flu-like
  2. Jaundice and renal damage (Weil’s disease)
  3. Meningitis
38
Q

Diagnosis of Leptospira interrogans?

Treatment?

A

Serologic diagnosis
Treat with penicillin

Note: there’s a vaccine for cattle and pets

39
Q

What causes Cat-Scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

40
Q

Who is often infected with Cat-Scratch disease?

How does it present?

A

children

Swollen gland near site of scratch
most will clear up on own in a couple of weeks

41
Q

How do you treat Cat-Scratch disease?

A

Erythromycin, but only for long-lasting infections

Derm (12 decks)

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