Stings, Bites, and Bugs Flashcards

1
Q

causes american trypanosomiasias

A

T. cruzi (chagas disease)

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2
Q

causes african trypanosmiasis

A

T. brucei

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3
Q

where is american trypanosomiasias endemic?

A

central and south america

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4
Q

How is T. cruzi transmitted?

A

infected reduviid bugs and occasionally infected blood

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5
Q

Romnana sign

A

T. cruzi edema of the palpebral and periocular tissue due to entry through the conjunctiva

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6
Q

describe the pathogenesis of american trypanosomiasias

A

reduviid bug bites you –> poops in the bite and deposits T. cruzi in skin –> T. cruzi infects cells and multiplies –> spreads locally or systemically if it gets into blood stream

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7
Q

characteristic finding of Chagas dz

A

swollen eye

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8
Q

Acute phase of chagas disease

A

local erythma and swelling of regional lymph nodes

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9
Q

chronic phase of chagas dz

A

**can occur years to decades later** Cardiac and GI manifestations (heart failure, arrhythmias, megacolon)

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10
Q

How is african trypanosomiassis transmitted?

A

tsetse fly

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11
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of african trypanosomiasis

A

chancre at bite site LN enlargement day time somnolence or insomnia irritability or personality changes

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12
Q

predominatly effects cutaneous and ocular tissue

A

onchocerciasis ( aka river blindness)

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13
Q

How is onchocerciasis transmitted?

A

Simulum black fly (carry the bug onchocerca volvulus)

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14
Q

Clinical presentation of acute onchocerciasis

A

intense puritic dermatitis with subcutaneous nodules over bony prominences

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of chronic onchocerciasis

A

-thickened, wrinkled skin with hyperpigmentation (lizard or elephant skin) -conjunctivitis –> blindness in severe cases

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16
Q

Mazzotti reaction:

A

assc with onchocerciasis treatemtn, severe chills, lymphadenopathy due to break down of organism and the large immune response that results

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17
Q

Impregnated flea burrows into skin and causes a 1 cm nodule and erythema

A

Tungiasis *flea is called Tunga penetrans

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18
Q

fly larvae inhabit skin sound or burrow into dermis and cause boil-like lesions, eventually a fly will emerge from the boil

A

Cutaneous Myiasis **fly is called Dermatobia hominis (aka Human Botfly

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19
Q

describe the lesions assc with cutaneous myiasis

A

1-3 cm painful, tender lesions in which movement it felt

20
Q

How to avoid cutaneous myiasis

A

avoid belize! wear bug repellant, dry clothes, and do not sit in sandy areas

21
Q

Bites are often seen in a liner group of 3

A

bed bugs **breakfast, lunch, and dinner

22
Q

causitive agent of chagas disease

A

reduviid bug (aka kissing bug) carrying t. cruzi

23
Q

Assc with maculae cerulease

A

lice (body and pubic) = blue/brown hemosiderin laiden macrophages due to intradermal hemorrages at lice feeding site

24
Q

What disease are body lice a vector for?

A

typhus (rickettsia prowazekii) trench fever (bartonella quintana) relapsing fever (borrelia recurrentis)

25
Where on the body is scabies most commonly found?
interdigital web wrist flexer surfaces of the elbow
26
pathogenesis of scabies
mite burrows in epidermis and lays eggs --\> eggs hatch --\> continues over and over ==\> causes purities
27
How is scabies diagnosed
mites scybala (feces) eggs
28
Describe the bite mark from a brown recluse
central mottling central blister--\>eschar --\> ulcerates blanched halo erythema surrounding
29
What are the systemic reactions assc with brown recluse bite?
shock hemolysis renal insufficiency DIC
30
What is the major toxin produced by brown recluse?
sphingomyelinase D hyaluronidase allows eschars to spread (in gravity dept reaction)
31
bites are typically not painful and central necrosis can lead to amputation
hobo spider
32
assc with hemolysis and thrombocytopenia
hobo spider bite
33
most common complaint with black widow spider bite
abdominal pain
34
What biochemical effect does the black widow spider have?
depletion of Ach and increased release if catecholamines \*\*not depletion of Ach esterase... sorry....\*\*\*
35
Tx for black widow spider bite
IV calcium gluconate
36
chancre at bite site LN enlargement day time somnolence or insomnia irritability or personality changes
african trypanosomiasis
37
-thickened, wrinkled skin with hyperpigmentation (lizard or elephant skin) -conjunctivitis --\> blindness in severe cases
chronic onchocerciasis
38
intense puritic dermatitis with subcutaneous nodules over bony prominences
acute onchocerciasis
39
1-3 cm painful, tender lesions in which movement it felt
cutaneous myiasis
40
central mottling central blister--\>eschar --\> ulcerates blanched halo erythema surrounding
brown recluse bite
41
brown recluse bite "classic red, white, and blue sign"
42
What is this?
scabies
43
bed bugs
44
cutaneous myiasis
45