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Skin Throughout the Ages Flashcards

1
Q

The epidermis is derived from what germ layer

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

What is the added layer of the epidermis on the palms and soles?

A

stratum lucidum

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3
Q

defects in hair, teeth, bone, and skin

A

ectodermal dysplasia

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4
Q
  1. defects in fillagrin lead to
  2. During what trimester of preganncy does this occur?
A
  1. Ischythosis vulgaris (*pictured*)

atopic dematitis (eczema)

  1. third timester
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5
Q

What are the specialized cells in the epidermis?

A

Melanocytes

Merkle Cells

Langerhans Cells

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6
Q

Melanocytes originate in the ____

where do they migrate to?

A

neural crest

ear, eye, skin, leptomeninges

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7
Q

patches of depigmentation is due to ….

A

defect in melanocyte migration, survival, or origin

here is another pic of it:

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8
Q

Waardenberg Syndrome

A

patches of depigmentation = defect in melanocyte survival

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9
Q

defect in production of melanin

A

albansim

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10
Q

pigment dilution is due to …

A

defect in melanosome = cannot transfer melanin to keratinocyes

ex: chediak-higashi, hermansky pudlack syndrome

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11
Q

linear streats or whorls (as picuted below)

A

Pigemntary Mosaicsm

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12
Q

lines of Blaschko

A

where melanocytes develop

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13
Q

What is this?

A

lines of blaschko

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14
Q

What germ layer is the dermis derived from?

A

ectoderm and mesoderm

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15
Q

Barrier function of skin is fully developed 3 weeks (before or after) birth

A

after

*dermal-epidermal junction is fully developed by 12 weeks gestation

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16
Q

neonates have (increased or decreased) topical absorption of medicine

A

increased

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17
Q

premature infants have (increased or decreaed) transepidermal water loss

A

increased

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18
Q

protective membrnae present at birth, in utero it was the mechanical barrier to prevent breakdown of skin since babies are living in a water environment in utero

What is this composed of?

A

Vernix Caseosa

epithelial cells, sebaceous fluid, and shed lanugo hair

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19
Q

What is this and what causes it?

Is this physiologic or pathologic?

A

cutis marmorate

baby gets cold

*physiologic

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20
Q

What is it?

Is this physiologic or pathologic?

A

lanugo

physiologic

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21
Q

What is it?

Is this physiologic or pathologic?

A

sebaceous gland hyperplasia

phsyiologic

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22
Q

What is it?

Is this physiologic or pathologic?

A

Sucking Blister

phys

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23
Q

What is it?

Is this physiologic or pathologic?

A

mongolian spot

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24
Q

What is it?

Is this physiologic or pathologic?

A

salmon patch

phys

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25
What is it? Is this physiologic or pathologic?
stork bite (same thing as a salmon patch) phys
26
What is it? Is this physiologic or pathologic?
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum \*\*up to 50% of infants have this, resolves spontaneously she has it under disorders, but it is benign
27
What is this? What causes it?
Miliaria due to occlusion of eccrine glands another picture:
28
aka neonatal cephalic pustulosis
neonatal acne
29
What is it?
transient neonatal pustular melanosis \*more common in AA
30
What is it?
Seborrheic Dermatitis aka cradle cap
31
What is this?
Diaper Dermatitis due to Candida (the dots tell you candida) Below is diaper dermatitis due to an irritant. Note the lack of the dots
32
often assc with asthma and allergic rhinitis
atopic dermatitis
33
pathogeneis of atopic dermatitis
cycle of immune dysreguation, barrier dysfunction, and environmental allergens
34
What is the clinical criteria for atopic dermatitis?
PURITIS in the past 12 months plus at least 3 of the following 1. dry skin 2. Hx of allergic rhinitis or asthma (or FHx) 3. onset before 2 yo 4. Hx of skin crease involvement 5. visible flexural dermatitis
35
Favors cheeks, forehead, scalp and extensor surfaces Spares diaper area Intense pruritus, erythema, oozing
infantile phate of atopic dermatitis
36
Favors flexor surfaces, wrists, ankles, neck Lichenification common
childhood phase of atopic dermatitis
37
What is it?
atopic dermatitis
38
What is it?
??
39
What is it?
??
40
Complication of atopic dermatitis
Staph Aureus infeciton Eczema Herpeticum Molluscum Contagiosum
41
Eczema Herpeticum
42
Multifactorial disorder of pilosebaceous unit
acne vulgaris
43
Where does acne occur?
denses population of sebaceous follicles: face, upper chest, back
44
Pathogenesis of acne vulgaris
1. hyperprolif and anb differentiation of keratinocytes = plugging of follicular infundibulum 2. excess sebum production (hormones) 3. propionibacterium acnes 4. inflammation
45
How do androgens (produced inside sebaceous gland) affect acne?
increases sebum production, leading to acne vulgaris
46
Why does P. acnes suck so much?
G+ rod which breaks down sebum, produces inflammatory mediatiors
47
What causes acne inflammation?
1. comedo rupture 2. spilling of immunogenic contents (sebum, keratin, bacteria) 3. neutrophil-rich inflammation
48
Hyperandrogenic states which cause acne:
polycystic ovarian syndrome virilizng tumors cong. adrenal hyperplasia
49
Histology of an inflammed comedo:
1. fibrin 2. neutrophils, especially at site of rupture 3. keratin plug
50
Severe eruptive nodulocystic acne that does NOT have systemic symptoms
Acne conglobata
51
Severe eruptive nodulocystic acne that has systemic symptoms (fever, osteolytic bone lesions, hepatosplenomegaly)
Acne fulminans
52
Topical Acne vulgaris treatment
benzoyl peroxide topical abx (combine with BPO to vaoid resistance) topical retinoids (reduce comedones)
53
Systemic acne vulgaris treatments
abx (resistance) hormonal therapy to decrease effective androgens oral retinoids
54
How do oral retinoids work?
normalize epidermal differentiation, decrease sebum production, anti-inflmm (teratogenic; combined w corticosteroids for acne fulminans)
55
Skin lesion more common with darker skin; high risk of recurrance with removal
keloids
56
Normal aging? "Loss of elasticity"
yes
57
Normal aging? "actinic keratosis"
nope- photoaging (extrinsic)
58
Normal aging? "elastosis with giant comedones"
no: photoaging, extrinsic
59
Normal aging? "thinning, wrinkling skin"
yes
60
Caused by pressure of bony prominences for extended periods of time
decubitus ulcers
61
How are decub ulcers graded?
I through IV (with I nonblanching/intact; II superficial necrosis; III deep necrosis; IV necrosis into fascia +/- bone/muscle/etc)
62
4 types of geriatric dermatits
asteatotic eczema nummular eczema stasis dermatitis seborrheic dermatitis
63
Due to venous insufficiency and edema, can result in venous ulcers
stasis dermatitis
64
Dermatitis treated with exercise, elevation, compression and steroids
stasis dermatitis
65
Diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies in geriatric patients
scurvy (vit C) pellagra (niacin)
66
3 D's of niacin deficiency
(\*Pellagra) Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia
67
Kid with a fever, trouble eating
hand-foot-mouth
68
atopic dermatitis
69
erytheoma toxicum neonatorum
70
eczema herpeticum
71
shingles
72
itchy
scabies
73
kid
erythema infectiousum (parvo)
74
molluscum
75
ringworm
76
herpes simplex
77
perleche | (candida)
78
gianotti-crosti

Derm (12 decks)

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