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zoology > Zoology lab 5 > Flashcards

Zoology lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The animals in this lab have what type of development?

A

deuterostome mode of development

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2
Q

Which two phyla are studied in this lab?

A

Phylum echinodermata and chordata

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3
Q

What kind of animals are in phylum echinodermata?

A

Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea lilies

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4
Q

Traits of echinodermata?

A
  • Typically have an endoskeleton made of spiny calcareous plates that are embedded within a connective tissue
  • all members have a unique water vascular system (which consists of central ring and series of canals)
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5
Q

Describe water canal system

A
  • Water enters through an opening called a madreporite
  • The canals end in tiny tube feet that are enclosed within a groove running on the oral side of each arm
  • These are connected to bulbs that can contract and force fluid in and out
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6
Q

sea stars?

A
  • central ring contains the stomach
  • in the arms, the tube feet, digestive glands and possibly gonads will be present
  • there is a nerve ring around the mouth and radial nerves run down the arms
  • no circulatory system and its digestive system contains the cardiac stomach and pyloric stomach
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7
Q

sea cucumber?

A
  • tentacles at one end of the specimen
  • these surrond the mouth
  • pentaradial symmetry like sea stars
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8
Q

key trait most chordates share?

A
  • backbones!
  • chordata has one subphyla of invertebrate animals along with one subphylum of vertebrates
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9
Q

subphylum cephalochordata?

A
  • lancelets!
  • mouth is surronded by oral tentacles cuz lancelets are filter feeders
  • water is taken in through mouth and then passes into a large pharnyx with slits
  • these pharyngeal slits develop from pharyngeal pouches (one of 5 major traits)
  • food and water then pass into intestine, then anus (post-anal tail–> another major trait)
  • nerve cord and notochord (both also major traits!)
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10
Q

Freshwater perch?

A
  • belongs to clade osteichthyes in subpylum vertebrata in phylum chordata
  • craniate, a lineage of the chordates that gave rise to vertebrates
  • belongs to class actinpterygii (ray-finned fish)
    *
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11
Q

bony fishes?

A
  • related to terrestrial vertebrates
  • one lineage gave rise to tetrapods
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12
Q

What do fish have to stabilize themselves?

A
  • they have fins and a swim bladder to stabilize their bodies in the water
  • the following fins are found in fish: dorsal, caudal, anal, pectoral and pelvic
  • they have an anal opening and the urogenital opening in the anterior region
  • they have lateral lines to sense vibrations
  • they also have scales
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13
Q

internal anatomy of a perch?

A
  • a fish’s liver is located in the anterior portion near the opercula
  • its stomach is located behind the liver
  • it has an alimentary tract
  • the fish also has a swim bladder, a large air-filled sac dorsal to the body cavity
  • the ovaries/testes are located beneath the swim bladder
  • it has a long dark kidney dorsal to the swim bladder
  • and a 2 chamber heart!
  • and gills made of smaller gill filaments!
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14
Q

dissection of a rat?

A
  • its ribs are attached to its sternum and enclose the thorax
  • intercostal muscles will be visible b/w the ribs to provide the pumping force for lung action
  • the trunk of the rat is divided into an anterior thorax and a posterior abdomen
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15
Q

abdominal cavity of a rat?

A
  • dark red lobes of the liver that almost cover the stomach can be observed
  • small intestine is tightly coiled and held together by a thin sheet of connective tissue called messentary
  • close to the stomach is the spleen, dark red + tongue-like
  • kidney can be observed with a ureter from the kidney going posteriorly to the bladder
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16
Q

thoracic cavity?

A
  • diaphragm= cartilaginous flap projecting from posterior end of the sternum–> important role in the respiratory pump of rat
  • lungs and ribs can be observed
  • the trachea can also be noted by looking for the rings of cartilage that give it a striped appearence
  • the division of lungs into lobes can be further divided into bronchii and bronchioles, finally becoming alveoli
  • the rat’s heart can be observed! the smaller sacs are the atria while the larger portion consists of the ventricles
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17
Q

herbivore skull?

A
  • the madibular condyle joins the lower jaw to the skull at a point above the level of the teeth
18
Q

carnivore skull?

A
  • lower jaw is less curved and the jaw articulates in about the same plane as the teeth
  • the masseters run from the zygomatic arch to the angular process
  • these muscles are important in grinding food
  • the temporalis runs from the coronoid process to the back of the skull
  • these muscles provide crushing strength
19
Q

heterodonts?

A
  • mammals usually have different types of teeth specialized for different functions
  • they are the only group of animals to chew their food
20
Q

kinds of mammal teeth?

A
  • incisors: front teeth, they are chisel-shaped and are used for nipping
  • canines: reduced or gone in herbivores
  • diastema: a prominent gap between the incisors and premolars in herbivores. this gap makes space for a large tongue, which is important for chewing
  • premolars and molars: cheek teeth. in herbivores–> large and flat. in carnivores–> called carnassial teeth, function like scissors that slide past one another to slice flesh
21
Q

omnivores?

A
  • skull structure is an intermediate of herbivores and carnivores
  • mostly teeth are similiar to carnivores, but the back molars are flat for grinding plant matter rather than pointed and sharp like a carnivores
  • modern birds have adaptations for powered flight, including those related to skull morphology
22
Q

Phylum ?

A

Echinodermata

23
Q
A
24
Q

Name ?
Phylum ?

A

Sea cucumbers
Phylum = Echinodermata

25
Q

Phylum ?
Subphylum?

A 
Phylum = chordata
Subphylum = Cephalochordata
26
Q
A
27
Q
A
28
Q

What kind of skull is this ?

A

Carnivore

29
Q

What kind of skull is this ?

A

Herbivore

30
Q

Temporalis are important for…

A

It give crushing strength

31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q
A
35
Q
A
36
Q

What are the masseters improtant for ?

A

Important for grinding food

37
Q

What kind of skull is this? Also what is the gap called between the incisors and premolars?

A

Herbivore skull! And the gap is called diastema.

38
Q

What kind of skull is this? Also what is it called that it has different types of teeth specialized for different functions?

A

Carnivore’s! Also having different specialized teeth is called being a heterodont.

39
Q

What are specialized premolars and molars called in carnivores?

A

carnassial teeth!

40
Q

Can you name these parts?

A
41
Q

Phylum ?
Subphylum?
class?

A

Chordata
Vertebrata
mammalia

42
Q
A

zoology (11 decks)

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