Zoology Lab 1 Flashcards
Phylum ?
Name ?
Phylum : Rhizopoda
Name : Adult E.hystolytica
Name ?
Phylum?
Encysted E.histolytica
Phylum: Rhizopoda
Name ?
Phylum?
Key traits ?
Amoeba proteus
Phylum: Rhizopoda
Key trait = free living protozoan inhabits the freshwater environement
Feed on algae, bacteria and other protist.
Image from web
Name ?
Phylum?
Trypanosoma brucei
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Name
Phylum
Name of illness ?
Name : Giardia lamblia adult
Phylum : Diplomonada
Beaver fever
Name ?
Phylum?
Name of illness ?
G. lamblia cyst
Diplomonada
Beaver fever
Phylum ?
In the lab, the staining procedure leave the nucleus and cytoplasm in what colour ?
Phylum= Apicomplexa
nucleus red and cytoplasm blue.
Phylum ?
Ciliophora
Only learn the one in circle
Phylum ?
Name ?
Rhizopoda
Name = A. Proteus
Phylum?
Euglenozoa
Phylum ?
Ciliophora
What does the term “protozoan” mean?
It is a term used to group together single celled animals (but isn’t a taxonomic level of classification!)
What are the four functional groups of protozoans? (according to their mode of nutrition/locomotion)
1) flagellated protozoans
2) amoeboid protozoans
3) spore-forming protozoans
4) ciliated protozoans
(representatives from all 4 of these are observed in lab 1)
What not to do in lab?
1) Don’t mix the different cultures
2) use only specific pipette for each culture
3) Don’t mix cultures with tap water
4) keep microscope light low
5) wash used slide throughly before using again for next sample
ocular lens?
- most microscopes are binocular
- bring the specimen into focus using the main knobs, then adjust with ocular lens
- its 10x, meaning the lens magnifies the image by 10
objective lens?
- mounted on the revolving nosepiece
- vary in #, depending on microscope
- lens must be clicked into position above slide
- most compound microscopes have 4 objective lenses
4x lens?
- scanning objective
- works well to locate your specimen
- magnifies by factor of 4
- is the “resting” position
10x lens?
- called the low power objective
- magnifies by factor of 10
- if your microscope doesn’t have 4x, this can be scanning objective
40x lens?
- called the high power objective
- magnifies image by factor of 40
100x lens?
- called the oil immersion objective
- requires drop of immersion oil on the slide to work properly
- magnifies by factor of 100
- don’t use unless specifically asked to! (slide can be broken easily using this lens)
(clean lenses with lens paper, NOT paper towels/shirts!!!!)
stage?
- specimen slides held in place with movable stage clip
- mechanical clips used to move stage backwards/forewards and front/back
Focus knobs?
- two knobs: course and fine
- course focus knob is the larger one and control distance b/w your specimen and objective lens
- quickly moves slide up and down
- only use this knob for 4x and 10x
- fine focus knob is used to get it perfectly clear
- only use this at 40x or 100x
depth of focus?
- the “thickness” of the vertical range in which the specimen remains in focus
- important cuz you’ll need to focus through your specimen so as to view all its structures (not all features will be in perfect focus at any given time)
condenser lens?
- located just underneath the stage
- serves to focus light from the lamp below
- is usually adjustable, meaning if the image is too bright, you can lower it!
Iris diaphragm?
- this part of the condenser allows you to adjust amount of light passing through slide by adjusting diaphragm lever
- typically you will want to maximize the light lvl and have the diaphragm all the way open
- but for unstained live specimens, partly closing it is better
total magnification?
magnification of ocular x magnification of objective
field of view?
“circle” you see through the ocular lenses
Phylum Rhizopoda?
- no shell
- locomote by using pseudopodia
- also use membrane-bound extensions of their cytoplasm to feed, engaging in endocytosis
- waste and excess water also expelled by vacuoles
- free living and parasidic
Entamoeba histolytica?
- lives in large intestine of vertebrates
- feeds on red blood cells and tissue
- cause amoebic dysentary
- its feeding is called “trophozoite”
- has highly resistant encysted form and a dormant stage
(adult E.histolytica + encysted E.histolytica were observed on slides and are from this species/class)
Amoeba proteus?
- free living protozoan that inhabits freshwater environments and feeds on bacteria, algae and other stuff
- (A. proteus was observed in this lab and belongs to this species/class)
Phylum Euglenozoa & phylum Diplomonada?
- members of this phylum move by use of single flagellum or multiple flagellum
- sometimes flagellum joins the body of the protozoan to form undulating membrane
- many free living but some parasitic
Trypanosoma brucei?
- flagellate is within phylum euglenozoa
- causes sleeping sickness
- lives in blood stream and spread through a fly’s bite
- there will be a dark staining kinetoplast within the single large mitochondrion
- kinetoplast: network of circular DNA containing many copies of mitochondrial genome
(bloodstream form of T.brucei was looked at in this lab)
Giardia sp.?
- within the phylum diplomonada
- causes beaver fever
(Giardia lamblia adult stage an G.lamblia were observed in this lab!)
Spore forming protozoans: Phylum Apicomplexa?
- named for their apical complex, a special structure at one end that helps in entry into host cells
- need two diff hosts to complete their life cycle
- considered spore forming cuz they have an infective stage called “sporozoite”
- most famous are from genus Plasmodium and cause malaria
- staining procedure of prepared slide leaves the nucleus red and cytoplasm blue in ring shaped trophozoite
(Plasmodium falciparum was from this phylum and viewed in lab 1)
Ciliated protozoans: phylum ciliophora?
- locomote by the use of cilia
- genus paramecium is best known of the ciliates
- ciliates typically have micronucleus and macronucleus
(Stentor sp is in this phylum and was observed in lab 1)
This is a euglena sp.
This is a paramecium
phyla ciliophora
